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DAG models with hidden variables present many difficulties that are not present when all nodes are observed. In particular, fully observed DAG models are identified and correspond to well-defined sets ofdistributions, whereas this is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Jacob A. Wegelin , Thomas S. Richardson

Our concern is selecting the concentration matrix's nonzero coefficients for a sparse Gaussian graphical model in a high-dimensional setting. This corresponds to estimating the graph of conditional dependencies between the variables. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-04-05 Christophe Ambroise , Julien Chiquet , Catherine Matias

Most causal discovery procedures assume that there are no latent confounders in the system, which is often violated in real-world problems. In this paper, we consider a challenging scenario for causal structure identification, where some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Biwei Huang , Charles Jia Han Low , Feng Xie , Clark Glymour , Kun Zhang

Marginal models involve restrictions on the conditional and marginal association structure of a set of categorical variables. They generalize log-linear models for contingency tables, which are the fundamental tools for modelling the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-10 Tamas Rudas , Wicher Bergsma

When estimating a single subsystem (module) in a linear dynamic network with a prediction error method, a data-informativity condition needs to be satisfied for arriving at a consistent module estimate. This concerns a condition on input…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Paul M. J. Van den Hof , Shengling Shi , Stefanie J. M. Fonken , Karthik R. Ramaswamy , Håkan Hjalmarsson , Arne G. Dankers

A concentration graph associated with a random vector is an undirected graph where each vertex corresponds to one random variable in the vector. The absence of an edge between any pair of vertices (or variables) is equivalent to full…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-01-14 Dhafer Malouche

This work focuses on the generic identifiability of dynamical networks with partial excitation and measurement: a set of nodes are interconnected by transfer functions according to a known topology, some nodes are excited, some are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Antoine Legat , Julien M. Hendrickx

Causal additive models provide a tractable yet expressive framework for causal discovery in the presence of hidden variables. When unobserved backdoor or causal paths exist between two variables, their causal relationship is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Thong Pham , Takashi Nicholas Maeda , Shohei Shimizu

Hierarchical Latent Attribute Models (HLAMs) are a family of discrete latent variable models that are attracting increasing attention in educational, psychological, and behavioral sciences. The key ingredients of an HLAM include a binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-11 Yuqi Gu , Gongjun Xu

Identifiability describes the possibility of determining the values of the unknown parameters that characterize a dynamic system from the knowledge of its inputs and outputs. This paper finds the general analytical condition that fully…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Agostino Martinelli

Causal models with unobserved variables impose nontrivial constraints on the distributions over the observed variables. When a common cause of two variables is unobserved, it is impossible to uncover the causal relation between them without…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-14 Beata Zjawin , Elie Wolfe , Robert W. Spekkens

We provide a classification of graphical models according to their representation as subfamilies of exponential families. Undirected graphical models with no hidden variables are linear exponential families (LEFs), directed acyclic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Dan Geiger , Christopher Meek

Missing data is a pervasive problem in data analyses, resulting in datasets that contain censored realizations of a target distribution. Many approaches to inference on the target distribution using censored observed data, rely on missing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-02 Rohit Bhattacharya , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser , James M. Robins

Conditional-independence-based discovery uses statistical tests to identify a graphical model that represents the independence structure of variables in a dataset. These tests, however, can be unreliable, and algorithms are sensitive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Philipp M. Faller , Dominik Janzing

The paper concerns the probabilistic evaluation of plans in the presence of unmeasured variables, each plan consisting of several concurrent or sequential actions. We establish a graphical criterion for recognizing when the effects of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Judea Pearl , James M. Robins

Addressing selection bias in latent variable causal discovery is important yet underexplored, largely due to a lack of suitable statistical tools: While various tools beyond basic conditional independencies have been developed to handle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Haoyue Dai , Yiwen Qiu , Ignavier Ng , Xinshuai Dong , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

We study the identification of binary choice models with fixed effects. We propose a condition called sign saturation and show that this condition is sufficient for identifying the model. In particular, this condition can guarantee…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-18 Yinchu Zhu

Graphical models have proven to be powerful tools for representing high-dimensional systems of random variables. One example of such a model is the undirected graph, in which lack of an edge represents conditional independence between two…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-11 Dhafer Malouche , Bala Rajaratnam , Benjamin T. Rolfs

We study a class of conditional independence models for discrete data with the property that one or more log-linear interactions are defined within two different marginal distributions and then constrained to 0; all the conditional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-10-31 R. Colombi , A. Forcina

Disentangled representations seek to recover latent factors of variation underlying observed data, yet their identifiability is still not fully understood. We introduce a unified framework in which disentanglement is achieved through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Stefan Matthes , Zhiwei Han , Hao Shen