Related papers: Accelerator Data for Cosmic Ray Physics
We present a study of the high energy spectra of hadrons in cores of extensive air showers. These data were obtained for the first time in the hybrid {\it HADRON} experiment (Tien-Shan) by means of a large X-ray emulsion chamber combined…
We consider multivariate skew-t distributions for modeling composition data of high energy cosmic rays. The model has been validated with simulated data for different primary nuclei and hadronic models focusing on the depth of maximum Xmax…
We discuss the most recent developments in our understanding of the acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays up to the highest energies. In particular we specialize our discussion to three issues: 1) developments in the theory of…
A review of theoretical results on cosmic ray first-order Fermi acceleration at relativistic shock waves is presented, with recent results substantially changing the existing knowledge on these processes. In particular one can not expect…
Cosmic rays have been observed up to energies $10^8$ times larger than those of the best particle accelerators. Studies of astrophysical particles (hadrons, neutrinos and photons) at their highest observed energies have implications for…
Hadronic interaction models at cosmic ray (CR) energies are inherently uncertain due to the lack of a fundamental theoretical description of soft hadronic and nuclear interactions and the large extrapolation required from collider energies…
Particle acceleration in plasma creates a possibility of exceptionally high accelerating gradients and appears as a very attractive option for future linear electron-positron and/or photon-photon colliders. These high accelerating gradients…
The dominant background for observations of gamma-rays in the energy region above 50 GeV with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are cosmic-ray events. The images of most of the cosmic ray showers look significantly different from…
The composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is still poorly known and constitutes a very important topic in the field of high-energy astrophysics. Detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is carried out via the extensive air showers…
We review the physics of the highest energy cosmic rays. The discovery of their sources, still unknown, will reveal the most energetic astrophysical objects in the universe and could unveil new physics beyond the standard model of particle…
One of the most striking astrophysical phenomena today is the existence of cosmic ray particles with energies in excess of 10^20 eV. While their presence has been confirmed by a number of experiments, it is not clear where and how these…
The paper gives an overview of the principles of particle accelerators and their historical development. After introducing the basic concepts, the main emphasis is on sketching the layout of modern storage rings and discussing their…
We discuss particle production in the high-energy, small-x limit of QCD where the gluon density of hadrons is expected to become nonperturbatively large. Strong modifications of the phase-space distribution of produced particles as compared…
High-energy cosmic rays interact in the Earth's atmosphere and produce extensive air showers (EASs) which can be measured with large detector arrays at the ground. The interpretation of these measurements relies on models of the EAS…
We make a QCD-inspired parameterization of all accelerator data on forward proton-proton and antiproton-proton scattering amplitudes. Using vector dominance and the additive quark model, we show that the same parameters also fit gamma p and…
The status of hadron-hadron interactions is reviewed, with emphasis on the forward and near-forward scattering regions. From analyticity, Finite Energy Sum Rules are introduced from which new analyticity constraints are derived that exploit…
The origin of the highest energy cosmic rays is still unknown. The discovery of their sources will reveal the workings of the most energetic astrophysical accelerators in the universe. Current observations show a spectrum consistent with an…
An important experiment for cosmic ray physics is going to be conducted with the colliding proton beams of the CERN LHC. The equivalent energy of the 14 TeV center of mass energy of the colliding proton beams in the LHC is 1017eV in the…
Extensive air showers are the result of billions of particle reactions initiated by single cosmic rays at ultra-high energy. Their characteristics are sensitive both to the mass of the primary cosmic ray and to the fine details of hadronic…
The origin of the ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) with energies above E > 1017eV, is still unknown. The discovery of their sources will reveal the engines of the most energetic astrophysical accelerators in the universe. This is a…