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The multiplicity distribution of charged particles produced in the central rapidity ($|\eta|<2.5$) region is calculated for the eikonal and the $U$-matrix unitarization schemes using the AGK cutting rules and compared with the ATLAS 13 TeV…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-10 E. G. S. Luna , M. G. Ryskin

The PHOBOS experiment has measured the properties of particle production in heavy ion collisions between sqrt(s_NN) of 20 and 200 GeV. The dependencies of charged particle yield on energy, system size, and both longitudinal and transverse…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2007-05-29 G. S. F. Stephans

The evaluation of the number of ways we can distribute energy among a collection of particles in a system is important in many branches of modern science. In particular, in multiparticle production processes the measurements of particle…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-05 Maciej Rybczyński , Zbigniew Włodarczyk

Multiple interaction models satisfying $s$-channel unitarity predict that, in contrast to inelastic processes, factorization is violated in diffractive processes. The size of this effect can be characterized in terms of the rapidity gap…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 F. W. Bopp , R. Engel , J. Ranft , A. Rostovtsev

Proton-proton collisions at new high energies ($\sqrt {s}=$2.36 and 7 TeV) at LHC resulted into a greater mean multiplicities ($<e n >$) of charged particles in the mid-rapidity region than estimated $< n >$s by different models and event…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-02-21 Premomoy Ghosh

Multiplicity-dependent measurements of identified particle production led to the discovery of collective-like behavior in pp collisions at the LHC. Better understanding of the effects attributed to well-understood physics, like multiple…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-02-20 Gyula Bencedi

A shape of statistical momentum distribution of hadrons produced in high energy particle collisions closely resembles one observed for a broad variety of phenomena in nature. An attempt was made to understand a genesis of this distribution…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Kropivnitskaya , A. Rostovtsev

$W$ bosons are produced at LHC from a forward-backward symmetric initial state. Their decay to a charged lepton and a neutrino has a strong spin analysing power. The combination of these effects results in characteristic distributions of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2018-01-17 Elisabetta Manca , Olmo Cerri , Nicolo Foppiani , Gigi Rolandi

Recent ALICE data for the multiplicity distributions in the central rapidity bins at LHC energies are compared with the results from two default versions of the PYTHIA 8 generator. We find that, contrary to the earlier versions of PYTHIA,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-12-23 K. Fialkowski , R. Wit

The short-distance production of multi-particle states in high-energy nuclear reactions provides a unique way to study the low-energy properties of few-body systems. In particular, the production amplitude of multi-neutron systems is…

The energy-dependence of charged particle mean multiplicity and pseudorapidity density at midrapidity measured in nucleus-nucleus and (anti)proton-proton collisions are studied in the entire available energy range. The study is performed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-12-15 Edward K. G. Sarkisyan , Alexander S. Sakharov

Measured multiplicity distributions of primary charged particles produced in the forward rapidity region of the $proton-proton$ ($pp$) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy, $\sqrt {s}$ = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have been…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-02-28 Premomoy Ghosh , Sanjib Muhuri

The charged particle multiplicity ($n_{ch}$) and pseudorapidity density $(dn_{ch}/d\eta)$ are key observables to characterize the properties of matter created in heavy ion collisions. The dependence of these observables on collision energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-30 O. S. K. Chaturvedi , P. K. Srivastava , Ashwini Kumar , B. K. Singh

We outline inconsistencies in presently used models for high energy nuclear scattering, which make their application quite unreliable. Many "successes" are essentially based on an artificial freedom of parameters, which does not exist when…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 K. Werner , H. J. Drescher , S. Ostapchenko , T. Pierog

A collision between a proton and a heavy nucleus at ultrarelativistic energy creates particles whose rapidity distribution is asymmetric, with more particles emitted in the direction of the nucleus than in the direction of the proton. This…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-23 Rupam Samanta , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

High-energy collisions in ALICE allow for the study of soft and hard QCD particle production. The correlation between transverse momentum spectra and event multiplicity is a sensitive observable providing insights into the different…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-10-22 Mario Krüger

A class of extensions to the Standard Model adds hypothetical long-lived particles (LLPs) that have mass- or kinetic-mixing with neutral mesons, such as pions or rho mesons. The mixing can contribute significantly to the production of LLPs…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-25 Yehor Kyselov , Stephen Mrenna , Maksym Ovchynnikov

One of the most remarkable observations in heavy-ion collisions is the systematic regularity exhibited by pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles across collision energies. While single-source models fail at higher energies and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-02 Neeraj , Md. Kaosar Ali Mondal , Amal Sarkar

The quantum statistical parton distributions approach proposed more than one decade ago is revisited by considering a larger set of recent and accurate Deep Inelastic Scattering experimental results. It enables us to improve the description…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-04-05 Jacques Soffer , Claude Bourrely

We establish large deviation principles (LDPs) for empirical measures associated with a sequence of Gibbs distributions on $n$-particle configurations, each of which is defined in terms of an inverse temperature $% \beta_n$ and an energy…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Paul Dupuis , Vaios Laschos , Kavita Ramanan