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Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is an alternative theory of gravity that aims to explain large-scale dynamics without recourse to any form of dark matter. However the theory is incomplete, lacking a relativistic counterpart, and so makes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel J. Mortlock , Edwin L. Turner

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a framework of theories that adjust Newton's laws of gravity to explain effects such as galactic rotation anomalies, offering an alternative to dark matter. This essay examines the justification of MOND…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Antonis Antoniou , Lorenzo Lorenzetti

In this work we definitely prove a possibility that Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics, MOND, can be consistently interpreted as a theory with the modified kinetic terms of the usual Newtonain dynamics, simply called k-MOND. Precisely,…

General Physics · Physics 2012-03-13 Vladan Pankovic , Darko Kapor

It is well-known that the application of Newtonian dynamics to an expanding spherical region leads to the correct relativistic expression (the Friedmann equation) for the evolution of the cosmic scale factor. Here, the cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 R. H. Sanders

The contemporary cosmic expansion is considered in the context of Modified Friedmann Dynamics (MOFD). We discuss some relativistic model exploring analogy to MOND modification of Newtonian dynamics. We argue that MOFD cosmologies can…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-12-28 M. Szydlowski , W. Godlowski , J. Golbiak

I show that Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is equivalent to assuming an isothermal dark matter density profile, with its density related to the enclosed total baryonic mass. This density profile can be deduced by physical laws if a dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Man Ho Chan

MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is an alternative to the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) paradigm which proposes an alteration of Newton's laws of motion at low accelerations, characterized by a universal acceleration scale a_0. It…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-23 Alexander C. Mayer , Adelheid F. Teklu , Klaus Dolag , Rhea-Silvia Remus

Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), which postulates a breakdown of Newton's laws of gravity/dynamics below some critical acceleration threshold, can explain many otherwise puzzling observational phenomena on galactic scales. MOND competes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-15 David Vokrouhlický , David Nesvorný , Scott Tremaine

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a possible solution for the missing mass problem in galactic dynamics; its predictions are in good agreement with observations in the limit of weak accelerations. However, MOND does not derive from a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-18 Sascha Trippe

The observed matter in the universe accounts for just 5 percent of the observed gravity. A possible explanation is that Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity fail where gravity is either weak or enhanced. The modified theory of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Pedro G. Ferreira , Glenn Starkmann

We show that treating gravitation as a thermodynamical theory leads to the modified Newton dynamics (MOND) equations if one takes into account the Hubble's expansion. Then the universal MOND acceleration a0 is exactly twice the product of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Peter V. Pikhitsa

MOdified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) represents a phenomenological alternative to dark matter (DM) for the missing mass problem in galaxies and clusters of galaxies. We analyze the central regions of a local sample of $\sim 220$ early-type…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 C. Tortora , A. J. Romanowsky , V. F. Cardone , N. R. Napolitano , Ph. Jetzer

The MOND paradigm posits a departure from standard Newtonian dynamics, and from General Relativity, in the limit of small accelerations. The resulting modified dynamics aim to account for the mass discrepancies in the universe without…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-09 Mordehai Milgrom

Since the 1930s, astronomical observations have accumulated evidence that our understanding of the dynamics of galaxies and groups of galaxies is grossly incomplete: assuming the validity of Newton's law of gravity on astronomical scales,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Sascha Trippe

We summarize the status of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in galaxy clusters. The observed acceleration is typically larger than the acceleration threshold of MOND in the central regions, implying that some dark matter is necessary to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 B. Famaey , G. W. Angus , G. Gentile , H. Y. Shan , H. S. Zhao

Galactic systems, and the Universe at large, exhibit large dynamical anomalies: The observed matter in them falls very short of providing enough gravity to account for their dynamics. The mainstream response to this conundrum is to invoke…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-25 Mordehai Milgrom

Gravitational potentials in the cosmos are deeper than expected from observed visible objects, a phenomenon usually attributed to dark matter, presumably in the form of a new fundamental particle. Until such a particle is observed, the jury…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-07 Scott Dodelson

Many models have been proposed to minimize the dark matter (DM) content in various astronomical objects at every scale in the Universe. The most widely known model isMOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). MOND was first published by Mordehai…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-27 Gianni Pascoli

Milgrom's Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) provides an efficient way to summarize phenomenology of galaxies which does not lean on the notion of dark matter; it has great predictive power. Here I briefly review MOND as well as its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-22 Jacob D. Bekenstein

A speculative mathematical model is used to generate the modified Newtonian dynamics called MOND from fluctuations of the number of quanta of quantized acceleration. The one new parameter can be chosen either to make the transition to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas F. Jordan