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We consider some questions about formal languages that arise when inverses of letters, words and languages are defined. The reduced representation of a language over the free monoid is its unique equivalent representation in the free group.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-10-26 Thomas Ang , Giovanni Pighizzini , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

Reversible forms of computations are often interesting from an energy efficiency point of view. When the computation device in question is an automaton, it is known that the minimal reversible automaton recognizing a given language is not…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Kitti Gelle , Szabolcs Iván

We present an algorithm for extracting a subclass of the context free grammars (CFGs) from a trained recurrent neural network (RNN). We develop a new framework, pattern rule sets (PRSs), which describe sequences of deterministic finite…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Daniel M. Yellin , Gail Weiss

Families of DFAs (FDFAs) provide an alternative formalism for recognizing $\omega$-regular languages. The motivation for introducing them was a desired correlation between the automaton states and right congruence relations, in a manner…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Dana Angluin , Udi Boker , Dana Fisman

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have achieved tremendous success in sequential data processing. However, it is quite challenging to interpret and verify RNNs' behaviors directly. To this end, many efforts have been made to extract finite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Zeming Wei , Xiyue Zhang , Meng Sun

Indexing strings via prefix (or suffix) sorting is, arguably, one of the most successful algorithmic techniques developed in the last decades. Can indexing be extended to languages? The main contribution of this paper is to initiate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Jarno Alanko , Giovanna D'Agostino , Alberto Policriti , Nicola Prezza

The Rational Speech Acts (RSA) model treats language use as a recursive process in which probabilistic speaker and listener agents reason about each other's intentions to enrich the literal semantics of their language along broadly Gricean…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-10-26 Will Monroe , Christopher Potts

Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) is a technique developed by neuroscientists for comparing activity patterns of different measurement modalities (e.g., fMRI, electrophysiology, behavior). As a framework, RSA has several advantages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Mostafa Abdou , Artur Kulmizev , Felix Hill , Daniel M. Low , Anders Søgaard

Several methods are discussed that construct a finite automaton given a context-free grammar, including both methods that lead to subsets and those that lead to supersets of the original context-free language. Some of these methods of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Mark-Jan Nederhof

We consider two natural problems about nondeterministic finite automata. First, given such an automaton M of n states, and a length l, does M accept a word of length l? We show that the classic problem of triangle-free graph recognition…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Aaron Potechin , Jeffrey Shallit

The equivalence of finite automata and regular expressions dates back to the seminal paper of Kleene on events in nerve nets and finite automata from 1956. In the present paper we tour a fragment of the literature and summarize results on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Hermann Gruber , Markus Holzer

State reduction of finite automata plays a significant role in improving efficiency in formal verification, pattern recognition, and machine learning, where automata-based models are widely used. While deterministic automata have…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Linh Anh Nguyen , Son Thanh Cao , Stefan Stanimirović

I present the most fundamental features of an implemented system designed to manipulate representations of regular languages. The system is structured into two layers, allowing regular languages to be represented in an increasingly compact,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Baudouin Le Charlier

The success of many natural language processing (NLP) tasks is bound by the number and quality of annotated data, but there is often a shortage of such training data. In this paper, we ask the question: "Can we combine a neural network (NN)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Bingfeng Luo , Yansong Feng , Zheng Wang , Songfang Huang , Rui Yan , Dongyan Zhao

Li and Pedrycz [Y. M. Li, W. Pedrycz, Fuzzy finite automata and fuzzy regular expressions with membership values in lattice ordered monoids, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 156 (2005) 68--92] have proved fundamental results that provide different…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-01 Aleksandar Stamenković , Miroslav Ćirić

The problem of k-minimisation for a DFA M is the computation of a smallest DFA N (where the size |M| of a DFA M is the size of the domain of the transition function) such that their recognized languages differ only on words of length less…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-01 Paweł Gawrychowski , Artur Jeż , Andreas Maletti

In a recent thread of papers, we have introduced FQL, a precise specification language for test coverage, and developed the test case generation engine FShell for ANSI C. In essence, an FQL test specification amounts to a set of regular…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Andreas Holzer , Christian Schallhart , Michael Tautschnig , Helmut Veith

We define a new subclass of nondeterministic finite automata for prefix-closed languages called Flanked Finite Automata (FFA). We show that this class enjoys good complexity properties while preserving the succinctness of nondeterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-23 Florent Avellaneda , Silvano Dal Zilio , Jean-Baptiste Raclet

Sequence generation and prediction form a cornerstone of modern machine learning, with applications spanning natural language processing, program synthesis, and time-series forecasting. These tasks are typically modeled in an autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Vincenzo Collura , Karim Tit , Laura Bussi , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Maxime Cordy

Weighted finite automata (WFAs) have been widely applied in many fields. One of the classic problems for WFAs is probability distribution estimation over sequences of discrete symbols. Although WFAs have been extended to deal with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Tianyu Li , Bogdan Mazoure , Guillaume Rabusseau