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In Part II we show that there exist quantum codes whose probability of undetected error falls exponentially with the length of the code and derive bounds on this exponent.The lower (existence) bound for stabilizer codes is proved by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Ashikhmin , A. Barg , E. Knill , S. Litsyn

Quantum data is susceptible to decoherence induced by the environment and to errors in the hardware processing it. A future fault-tolerant quantum computer will use quantum error correction (QEC) to actively protect against both. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-30 D. Ristè , S. Poletto , M. -Z. Huang , A. Bruno , V. Vesterinen , O. -P. Saira , L. DiCarlo

We present a theory of quantum serial turbo-codes, describe their iterative decoding algorithm, and study their performances numerically on a depolarization channel. Our construction offers several advantages over quantum LDPC codes. First,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-10 David Poulin , Jean-Pierre Tillich , Harold Ollivier

A quantum error correcting code protects encoded logical information against errors. Transversal gates are a naturally fault-tolerant way to manipulate logical qubits but cannot be universal themselves. Protocols such as magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Eric Huang , Pierre-Gabriel Rozon , Arpit Dua , Sarang Gopalakrishnan , Michael J. Gullans

Surface codes are the most promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Single qudit errors are typically modelled as Pauli operators, to which general errors are converted via randomizing methods. In this Letter, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Yue Ma , Michael Hanks , M. S. Kim

Quantum computing is an emerging technology that has the potential to achieve exponential speedups over their classical counterparts. To achieve quantum advantage, quantum principles are being applied to fields such as communications,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Arijit Mondal , Keshab K. Parhi

The theory of stabilizer quantum error correction allows us to actively stabilize quantum states and simulate ideal quantum operations in a noisy environment. It is critical is to correctly diagnose noise from its syndrome and nullify it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Yuichiro Fujiwara

Among various classes of quantum error correcting codes (QECCs), non-stabilizer codes have rich properties and are of theoretical and practical interest. Decoding non-stabilizer codes is, however, a highly non-trivial task. In this paper,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Yoshifumi Nakata , Takaya Matsuura , Masato Koashi

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) and decoherence-free subspace (DFS) codes provide active and passive means, respectively, to address certain types of errors that arise during quantum computation. The latter technique is suitable to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 Nihar Ranjan Dash , Sanjoy Dutta , R. Srikanth , Subhashish Banerjee

Fault-tolerant quantum computing will require accurate estimates of the resource overhead, but standard metrics such as gate fidelity and diamond distance have been shown to be poor predictors of logical performance. We present a scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-26 Pavithran Iyer , Aditya Jain , Stephen D. Bartlett , Joseph Emerson

Quantum error-correction codes (QECCs) are a vital ingredient of quantum computation and communication systems. In that context it is highly desirable to design QECCs that can be represented by graphical models which possess a structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-24 Pascal O. Vontobel

We investigate various aspects of operator quantum error-correcting codes or, as we prefer to call them, subsystem codes. We give various methods to derive subsystem codes from classical codes. We give a proof for the existence of subsystem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-13 Salah A. Aly , Andreas Klappenecker , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We classify the time complexities of three important decoding problems for quantum stabilizer codes. First, regardless of the channel model, quantum bounded distance decoding is shown to be NP-hard, like what Berlekamp, McEliece and Tilborg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-12 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Chung-Chin Lu

We demonstrate that the performance of quantum error correction can be improved with noise-aware decoders that are calibrated to the likelihood of physical error configurations in a device. We show that noise-aware decoding increases the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Evan T. Hockings , Andrew C. Doherty , Robin Harper

For fault-tolerant quantum memory defined by periodic Pauli measurements, called Floquet codes, we prove that every correctable, undetectable spacetime error occurring during the steady stage is a product of (i) measurement operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Keller Blackwell , Jeongwan Haah

Classical coding theory contains several techniques to obtain new codes from other codes, including puncturing and shortening. For quantum codes, a form of puncturing is known, but its description is based on the code space rather than its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jaron Skovsted Gundersen , René Bødker Christensen , Markus Grassl , Petar Popovski , Rafał Wisniewski

Quantum computing has the potential to solve problems that are intractable for classical systems, yet the high error rates in contemporary quantum devices often exceed tolerable limits for useful algorithm execution. Quantum Error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Hanrui Wang , Pengyu Liu , Kevin Shao , Dantong Li , Jiaqi Gu , David Z. Pan , Yongshan Ding , Song Han

In realistic stabiliser-based quantum error correction there are many ways in which real physical systems deviate from simple toy models of error. Stabiliser measurements may not always be deterministic or may suffer from erasure errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-24 João F. Doriguello

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

Quantum error-correcting codes with good parameters can be constructed by evaluating polynomials at the roots of the polynomial trace. In this paper, we propose to evaluate polynomials at the roots of trace-depending polynomials (given by a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Carlos Galindo , Fernando Hernando , Helena Martín-Cruz , Diego Ruano