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A non-deterministic call-by-need lambda-calculus \calc with case, constructors, letrec and a (non-deterministic) erratic choice, based on rewriting rules is investigated. A standard reduction is defined as a variant of left-most outermost…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Manfred Schmidt-Schauß , Michael Huber

We study the weak call-by-value $\lambda$-calculus as a model for computational complexity theory and establish the natural measures for time and space -- the number of beta-reductions and the size of the largest term in a computation -- as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Yannick Forster , Fabian Kunze , Marc Roth

We investigate the possibility of a semantic account of the execution time (i.e. the number of \beta_v-steps leading to the normal form, if any) for the shuffling calculus, an extension of Plotkin's call-by-value {\lambda}-calculus. For…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Giulio Guerrieri

We investigate the possibility of a semantic account of the execution time (i.e. the number of beta-steps leading to the normal form, if any) for the shuffling calculus, an extension of Plotkin's call-by-value lambda-calculus. For this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Giulio Guerrieri

Strong call-by-need combines full normalization with the sharing discipline of lazy evaluation, yet no prior implementation achieved both simplicity and efficiency. We introduce RKNL, an abstract machine that realizes strong call-by-need…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Małgorzata Biernacka , Witold Charatonik , Tomasz Drab

This paper presents the Functional Machine Calculus (FMC) as a simple model of higher-order computation with "reader/writer" effects: higher-order mutable store, input/output, and probabilistic and non-deterministic computation. The FMC…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Willem Heijltjes

Extending the lambda-calculus with a construct for sharing, such as let expressions, enables a special representation of terms: iterated applications are decomposed by introducing sharing points in between any two of them, reducing to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Beniamino Accattoli , Andrea Condoluci , Giulio Guerrieri , Claudio Sacerdoti Coen

A cornerstone of the theory of lambda-calculus is that intersection types characterise termination properties. They are a flexible tool that can be adapted to various notions of termination, and that also induces adequate denotational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Beniamino Accattoli , Giulio Guerrieri , Maico Leberle

Whether the number of beta-steps in the lambda-calculus can be taken as a reasonable time cost model (that is, polynomially related to the one of Turing machines) is a delicate problem, which depends on the notion of evaluation strategy.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Beniamino Accattoli , Andrea Condoluci , Claudio Sacerdoti Coen

The elegant theory of the call-by-value lambda-calculus relies on weak evaluation and closed terms, that are natural hypotheses in the study of programming languages. To model proof assistants, however, strong evaluation and open terms are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Beniamino Accattoli , Giulio Guerrieri

Weak-head normalization is inconsistent with functional extensionality in the call-by-name $\lambda$-calculus. We explore this problem from a new angle via the conflict between extensionality and effects. Leveraging ideas from work on the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Philip Johnson-Freyd , Paul Downen , Zena M. Ariola

This paper shows equivalence of several versions of applicative similarity and contextual approximation, and hence also of applicative bisimilarity and contextual equivalence, in LR, the deterministic call-by-need lambda calculus with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Manfred Schmidt-Schauß , David Sabel , Elena Machkasova

We prove the Stability Property for the call-by-value $\lambda$-calculus (CbV in the following). This result states necessary conditions under which the contexts of the CbV $\lambda$-calculus commute with intersections of approximants. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Davide Barbarossa

Probabilistic applicative bisimulation is a recently introduced coinductive methodology for program equivalence in a probabilistic, higher-order, setting. In this paper, the technique is applied to a typed, call-by-value, lambda-calculus.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-30 Raphaelle Crubille , Ugo Dal Lago

We consider the call-by-value lambda-calculus extended with a may-convergent non-deterministic choice and a must-convergent parallel composition. Inspired by recent works on the relational semantics of linear logic and non-idempotent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-08 Alejandro Díaz-Caro , Giulio Manzonetto , Michele Pagani

If the result of an expensive computation is invalidated by a small change to the input, the old result should be updated incrementally instead of reexecuting the whole computation. We incrementalize programs through their derivative. A…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-12-04 Yufei Cai , Paolo G. Giarrusso , Tillmann Rendel , Klaus Ostermann

We define a new cost model for the call-by-value lambda-calculus satisfying the invariance thesis. That is, under the proposed cost model, Turing machines and the call-by-value lambda-calculus can simulate each other within a polynomial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ugo Dal Lago , Simone Martini

Skeletal call-by-need is an optimization of call-by-need evaluation also known as "fully lazy sharing": when the duplication of a value has to take place, it is first split into "skeleton", which is then duplicated, and "flesh" which is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Beniamino Accattoli , Francesco Magliocca , Loïc Peyrot , Claudio Sacerdoti Coen

We prove that orthogonal constructor term rewrite systems and lambda-calculus with weak (i.e., no reduction is allowed under the scope of a lambda-abstraction) call-by-value reduction can simulate each other with a linear overhead. In…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-08-03 Ugo Dal Lago , Simone Martini

We prove that orthogonal constructor term rewrite systems and lambda-calculus with weak (i.e., no reduction is allowed under the scope of a lambda-abstraction) call-by-value reduction can simulate each other with a linear overhead. In…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Ugo Dal Lago , Simone Martini