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The application of a gauge covariant derivative to the Euler-Lagrange equation yields a shortcut to the equations of motion for a field subject to an external force. The gauge covariant derivative includes an external force as an intrinsic…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-09-24 Clinton L. Lewis

Based on the Coulomb gauge, the accurate Klein-Gordon equation in static scalar and vector potentials was derived from Klein-Gordon equation in electromagnetic environment. The correct equation developed in this comment demonstrates that…

General Physics · Physics 2011-03-04 Liu Changshi

With appropriate modifications, the multi-spin Klein-Gordon (KG) equation of quantum field theory can be adapted to curved spacetime for spins 0,1,1/2. The associated particles in the microworld then move as a wave at all spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-24 Gary Nash

We present and enhance our previous statements (arXiv:0907.4736) on the non-canonical interrelations between the solutions to the free Dirac equation (DE) and the Klein-Gordon equation (KGE). We demonstrate that all the solutions to the DE…

General Physics · Physics 2017-06-27 Vladimir V. Kassandrov

We perform a reduced phase space quantization of gravity using four Klein-Gordon scalar fields as reference matter as an alternative to the Brown-Kuchar dust model in [1], where dust scalar fields are used. We compare our results to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-05 Kristina Giesel , Almut Vetter

A novel reduction procedure for covariant classical field theories, reflecting the generalized symplectic reduction theory of Hamiltonian systems, is presented. The departure point of this reduction procedure consists in the choice of a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-06-19 Florio M. Ciaglia , Fabio Di Cosmo , Alberto Ibort , Giuseppe Marmo , Luca Schiavone

We derive an explicit manifestly covariant expression for the most general positive-definite and Lorentz-invariant inner product on the space of solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation. This expression involves a one-parameter family of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Mostafazadeh , F. Zamani

The covariant Klein-Gordon equation requires twice the boundary conditions of the Schrodinger equation and does not have an accepted single-particle interpretation. Instead of interpreting its solution as a probability wave determined by an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 K. B. Wharton

We introduce a spacetime discretization of the Dirac equation that has the form of a quantum automaton and that is invariant upon changing the representation of the Clifford algebra, as the Dirac equation itself. Our derivation follows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 Pablo Arnault

There are various generalizations of Einstein's theory of gravity (GR); one of which is the Einstein-Cartan (EC) theory. It modifies the geometrical structure of manifold and relaxes the notion of affine connection being symmetric. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-04 Swanand Khanapurkar

The ideas behind the nonlocal classical statistical field theory model for the quantized Klein-Gordon field introduced in Morgan(2001, quant-ph/0106141) are extended to accommodate quantum electrodynamics. The anticommutation rules for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. W. Morgan

Theories of gravity in which the metric is fundamentally classical predict stochastic fluctuations in the gravitational field. In this article, we study the stochastic Klein-Gordon equation as a starting point to understand the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-17 Jonathan Oppenheim , Emanuele Panella

We study a class of Hamiltonian deformations of the massless Einstein-Klein-Gordon system in spherical symmetry for which the Dirac constraint algebra closes. The system may be regarded as providing effective equations for quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-04-24 Andreas Kreienbuehl , Viqar Husain , Sanjeev S. Seahra

We treat space and time as bona fide quantum degrees of freedom on an equal footing in Hilbert space. Motivated by considerations in quantum gravity, we focus on a paradigm dealing with linear, first-order Hamiltonian and momentum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Ashmeet Singh

The aim of the present article is to give physical meaning to the ingredients of standard gauge field theory in the framework of the scale relativity theory. Owing to the principle of the relativity of scales, the scale-space is not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Nottale , M. N. Celerier , T. Lehner

The causal stochastic interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics has the problems of superluminal velocities, motion backward in time and the incorrect non-relativistic limit. In this paper, according to the original ideas of de…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-03 S. Jalalzadeh , A. J. S. Capistrano

We study the three-dimensional Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations with scalar and vector potentials of equal magnitudes as an attempt to give a proper physical interpretation of this class of problems which has recently been accumulating…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 A. D. Alhaidari , H. Bahlouli , A. Al-Hasan

In a previous article a relationship was established between the linearized metrics of General Relativity associated with geodesics and the Dirac Equation of quantum mechanics. In this paper the extension of that result to arbitrary curves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Paul O'Hara

It has recently been shown that the classical electric and magnetic fields which satisfy the source-free Maxwell equations can be linearly mapped into the real and imaginary parts of a transverse-vector wave function which in consequence…

General Physics · Physics 2010-12-24 Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

In the first part of this work (http://www.arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0509044), it was shown that the Klein-Gordon-Maxwell electrodynamics in the unitary gauge allows natural elimination of the particle wave function and describes independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-31 Andrey Akhmeteli