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Both simulations and observations have shown that turbulence is a pervasive phenomenon in cosmic scenarios, yet it is particularly difficult to model numerically due to its intrinsically multiscale character which demands high resolutions.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-27 David Vallés-Pérez , Susana Planelles , Vicent Quilis

Galactic and intergalactic flows often exhibit relative motion between the cold dense gas and the hot diffuse medium. Such multiphase flows -- involving gas at different temperatures, densities, and ionization states -- for instance,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-07 Ritali Ghosh , Max Gronke , Prateek Sharma , Alankar Dutta

The interstellar medium in star-forming galaxies is a multiphase gas in which turbulent support is at least as important as thermal pressure. Sustaining this configuration requires continuous radiative cooling, such that the overall average…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Evan Scannapieco , William J. Gray , Liubin Pan

The injection of turbulence in the circum-galactic medium at redshift z = 2 is investigated using the mesh-based hydrodynamic code Enzo and a subgrid-scale (SGS) model for unresolved turbulence. Radiative cooling and heating by a uniform…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-18 Luigi Iapichino , Matteo Viel , Stefano Borgani

I model the multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) randomly heated and shocked by supernovae, with gravity, differential rotation and other parameters we understand to be typical of the solar neighbourhood. The simulations are 3D extending…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-15 Frederick Gent

Turbulence influences the behavior of many astrophysical systems, frequently by providing non-thermal pressure support through random bulk motions. Although turbulence is commonly studied in systems with constant volume and mean density,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Brant Robertson , Peter Goldreich

Thermal instability (TI) plays a crucial role in the formation of multiphase structures and their dynamics in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) and is a leading theory for cold cloud creation in various astrophysical environments. In this paper…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-08-24 R. Michael Jennings , Yuan Li

This two-part review summarizes interstellar turbulence and its implications. The first part begins with diagnostics and energy sources. Turbulence theory is considered in detail, including the basic fluid equations, solenoidal and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Bruce G. Elmegreen , John Scalo

We discuss HD and MHD compressible turbulence as a cloud-forming and cloud-structuring mechanism in the ISM. Results from a numerical model of the turbulent ISM at large scales suggest that the phase-like appearance of the medium, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni

Thermally bistable fluid tends to self-organize into clouds of hot and cold material, which are internally uniform and separated by thin conduction fronts. The evolution of these clouds has been studied for isobaric systems, but when…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Henry Fetsch , Nathaniel J. Fisch

Turbulence is a prevalent phenomenon in the interstellar medium, and in particular, the environment at the centers of galaxies. For example, detailed observations of the Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) revealed that it has a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-07 Jesus M. Salas , Mark R. Morris , Smadar Naoz

Turbulence simulations play a key role in advancing the general understanding of the physical properties turbulence and in interpreting astrophysical observations of turbulent plasmas. For the sake of simplicity, however, turbulence…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-05 Philipp Grete , Brian W. O'Shea , Kris Beckwith

In this work, we explore the link between star formation, turbulence and the thermal state of the multi-phase ISM. We analyse a suite of stratified box simulations modelling a realistic ISM that aims to probe environments similar to those…

We study two limiting cases of turbulence forcing in numerical experiments: solenoidal (divergence-free) forcing, and compressive (curl-free) forcing, and compare our results to observations reported in the literature. We solve the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-07-16 C. Federrath , J. Roman-Duval , R. Klessen , W. Schmidt , M. -M. Mac Low

Several topics in the theory of magnetized turbulence are reviewed with application to star formation and the interstellar medium. The density, pressure, and temperature distribution in a turbulent interstellar medium is described in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

Astrophysical gases such as the interstellar-, circumgalactic- or intracluster-medium are commonly multiphase, which poses the question of the structure of these systems. While there are many known processes leading to fragmentation of cold…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-07-18 Max Gronke , S. Peng Oh

The interstellar medium (ISM) consists of a multiphase gas, including the warm neutral medium (WNM), the unstable neutral medium (UNM), and the cold neutral medium (CNM). While significant attention has been devoted to understanding the WNM…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-13 Yue Hu

Complex turbulent motions of magnetized gas are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium. The source of this turbulence, however, is still poorly understood. Previous work suggests that compression caused by supernova shockwaves, gravity, or…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-26 Ankush Mandal , Christoph Federrath , Bastian Körtgen

Dense particle suspensions are widely encountered in many applications and in environmental flows. While many previous studies investigate their rheological properties in laminar flows, little is known on the behaviour of these suspensions…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-10-15 F. Picano , W. -P. Breugem , L. Brandt

In recent works, we proposed a hypothesis that the turbulence in gases could be produced by particles interacting via a potential, and examined the proposed mechanics of turbulence formation in a simple model of two particles for a variety…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-06-12 Rafail V. Abramov