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In this work we provide a theoretical framework for structured prediction that generalizes the existing theory of surrogate methods for binary and multiclass classification based on estimating conditional probabilities with smooth convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Alex Nowak-Vila , Francis Bach , Alessandro Rudi

The Consistency property between surrogate losses and evaluation metrics has been extensively studied to ensure that minimizing a loss leads to metric optimality. However, the direct relationship between different evaluation metrics remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuanhao Pu , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

In many decision-making problems, the primary outcome is expensive, time-consuming, or difficult to observe, so individualized treatment rules (ITRs) may be instead learned from surrogate endpoints. However, a surrogate that is highly…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Zeyu Xu , Xiaojie Mao , Hao Mei , Yue Liu

We consider a semi-supervised classification problem with non-stationary label-shift in which we observe a labelled data set followed by a sequence of unlabelled covariate vectors in which the marginal probabilities of the class labels may…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Henry W J Reeve

Decision support systems often rely on solving complex optimization problems that may require to estimate uncertain parameters beforehand. Recent studies have shown how using traditionally trained estimators for this task can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Gaetano Signorelli , Michele Lombardi

Robustness to adversarial perturbations is of paramount concern in modern machine learning. One of the state-of-the-art methods for training robust classifiers is adversarial training, which involves minimizing a supremum-based surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Natalie S. Frank , Jonathan Niles-Weed

(Partial) ranking loss is a commonly used evaluation measure for multi-label classification, which is usually optimized with convex surrogates for computational efficiency. Prior theoretical work on multi-label ranking mainly focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Guoqiang Wu , Chongxuan Li , Kun Xu , Jun Zhu

We study the problem of online multiclass classification in a setting where the learner's feedback is determined by an arbitrary directed graph. While including bandit feedback as a special case, feedback graphs allow a much richer set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Dirk van der Hoeven , Federico Fusco , Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi

Machine learning-based decision support systems are increasingly deployed in clinical settings, where probabilistic scoring functions are used to inform and prioritize patient management decisions. However, widely used scoring rules, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Gerardo A. Flores , Alyssa H. Smith , Julia A. Fukuyama , Ashia C. Wilson

For semi-supervised techniques to be applied safely in practice we at least want methods to outperform their supervised counterparts. We study this question for classification using the well-known quadratic surrogate loss function. Using a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-26 Jesse H. Krijthe , Marco Loog

We formalize and study the natural approach of designing convex surrogate loss functions via embeddings, for problems such as classification, ranking, or structured prediction. In this approach, one embeds each of the finitely many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Jessie Finocchiaro , Rafael Frongillo , Bo Waggoner

Active learning is a type of sequential design for supervised machine learning, in which the learning algorithm sequentially requests the labels of selected instances from a large pool of unlabeled data points. The objective is to produce a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-14 Steve Hanneke , Liu Yang

Firms that price perishable resources -- airline seats, hotel rooms, seasonal inventory -- now routinely use demand predictions, but these predictions vary widely in quality. Under hard capacity constraints, acting on an inaccurate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Ruicheng Ao , Jiashuo Jiang , David Simchi-Levi

In this paper, we study gap-dependent regret guarantees for risk-sensitive reinforcement learning based on the entropic risk measure. We propose a novel definition of sub-optimality gaps, which we call cascaded gaps, and we discuss their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Yingjie Fei , Ruitu Xu

We analyze the problem of sequential probability assignment for binary outcomes with side information and logarithmic loss, where regret---or, redundancy---is measured with respect to a (possibly infinite) class of experts. We provide upper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-30 Alexander Rakhlin , Karthik Sridharan

We introduce and study the problem of calibrating conditional risk, which involves estimating the expected loss of a prediction model conditional on input features. We analyze this problem in both classification and regression settings and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Andrey Vasilyev , Yikai Wang , Xiaocheng Li , Guanting Chen

Policymakers in resource-constrained settings require experimental designs that satisfy strict budget limits while ensuring precise estimation of treatment effects. We propose a framework that applies a dependent randomized rounding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Khurram Yamin , Edward Kennedy , Bryan Wilder

We study a class of adversarial bandit optimization problems in which the loss functions may be non-convex and non-smooth. In each round, the learner observes a loss that consists of an underlying linear component together with an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zhuoyu Cheng , Kohei Hatano , Eiji Takimoto

Online learning methods yield sequential regret bounds under minimal assumptions and provide in-expectation risk bounds for statistical learning. However, despite the apparent advantage of online guarantees over their statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Dirk van der Hoeven , Nikita Zhivotovskiy , Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi

We present Gaptron, a randomized first-order algorithm for online multiclass classification. In the full information setting we show expected mistake bounds with respect to the logistic loss, hinge loss, and the smooth hinge loss with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Dirk van der Hoeven