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Strong coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena and the presence of switchable polarization have enabled applications of ferroelectric materials for nonvolatile memories (FeRAM), data storage, and ferroelectric lithography.…
Hafnium oxide (HfO2)-based ferroelectrics offer remarkable promise for memory and logic devices in view of their compatibility with traditional silicon CMOS technology, high switchable polarization, good endurance and thickness scalability.…
Ferroelectric materials have remained one of the foci of condensed matter physics and materials science for over 50 years. In the last 20 years, the development of voltage-modulated scanning probe microscopy techniques, exemplified by…
The behavior of ferroelectricity at the nanoscale is the focus of increasing research activity because of intense interest in the fundamental nature of spontaneous order in condensed-matter systems and because of the many practical…
To achieve quantitative interpretation of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM), including resolution limits, tip bias- and strain-induced phenomena and spectroscopy, analytical representations for tip-induced electroelastic fields inside…
Ferroelectric materials possess spontaneous polarization that can be used for multiple applications. Owing to a long term development for reducing the sizes of devices, the preparation of ferroelectric materials and devices are entering…
Ferroelectric materials display exotic polarization textures at the nanoscale that could be used to improve the energetic efficiency of electronic components. The vast majority of studies were conducted in two dimensions on thin films, that…
Coupling between electrical and mechanical phenomena is a near-universal characteristic of inorganic and biological systems alike, with examples ranging from ferroelectric perovskites to electromotor proteins in cellular membranes.…
Nanoscale polarization switching in ferroelectric materials by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) in weak and strong indentation limits is analyzed using exact solutions for electrostatic and coupled electroelastic fields below the tip.…
Ferroelectric switching in BiFeO$_3$ multiferroic thin films with intrinsic ``stripe-like'' and ``bubble-like'' polydomain configurations was studied by piezoresponse force microscopy. Using the local electric field applied by a scanning…
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has been widely used for nanoscale analysis of piezoelectric properties and ferroelectric domains. Although PFM is useful because of its simple and nondestructive features, PFM measurements can be…
Ongoing advances in scanning probe microscopy techniques are continually expanding the possibilities for nanoscale characterization and correlated studies of functional materials. Here, we demonstrate how a recent extension of piezoresponse…
Piezoelectric semiconductor III-Nitride nanostructures have received increasing interest as an alternative material for energy harvesters, sensors, and self-sustainable electronics, demanding well-clarification of their piezoelectric…
We explore the ferroic properties of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). In vertical and horizontal PFM imaging, we find domains of alternating polarization with a width of 90 nm which…
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a powerful tool widely used to characterize piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity at the nanoscale. However, it is necessary to distinguish microscopic mechanisms between piezoelectricity and…
Interest in epitaxial ferroelectric nanoislands was growing rapidly in recent years driven by their potential for devices, especially ultradense memories. Recent advances in the "bottom- up" (self-assembly) nanometer scale techniques have…
A new study explores the distinct roles of spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric polarization in piezo-phototronic coupling. This investigation focuses on differences in photocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic performance using sodium…
Ferroelectric materials are characterized by the presence of an electric dipole that can be reversed by application of an external electric field, a feature that is exploited in ferroelectric memories. All ferroelectrics are piezoelectric,…
The rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the last two decades was stimulated by the emergence of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques capable of accessing local material properties, including transport, mechanical,…
Reducing the dimensions of ferroelectric materials down to the nanoscale has strong implications on the ferroelectric polarization pattern and on the ability to switch the polarization. As the size of ferroelectric domains shrinks to…