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The logarithmic superfluid theory of physical vacuum predicts that gravity is an induced phenomenon, which has a multiple-scale structure. At astronomical scales, as the distance from a gravitating center increases, gravitational potential…
We propose a Lorentz-covariant theory of gravity, and explain its theoretical origins in the problem of time in Newtonian physics. In this retarded gravitation theory (RGT), the gravitational force depends upon both retarded position and…
We consider a proposed alternative to quantum gravity, in which the spacetime metric is treated as classical, even while matter fields remain quantum. Consistency of the theory necessarily requires that the metric evolve stochastically.…
The cold dark matter paradigm has been extremely successful for explaining a wide range of cosmological phenomena. Nevertheless, since evidence for non-baryonic dark matter remains indirect, all reasonable alternatives should be explored.…
Rotation curves of dark-matter-dominated galaxies measure the mass profiles of galactic halos and thereby test theories of their cosmological origin. While attention has focused lately on the possible discrepancy at small galactocentric…
We consider solutions with conformal symmetry of the static, spherically symmetric gravitational field equations in the vacuum in the brane world scenario. By assuming that the vector field generating the symmetry is non-static, the general…
We investigate the proof of concept and the implications of \textit{refracted gravity}, a novel modified gravity aimed to solve the discrepancy between the luminous and the dynamical mass of cosmic structures without resorting to dark…
While galaxy rotation curves provide one of the most powerful methods for measuring dark matter profiles in the inner regions of rotation-supported galaxies, at the dwarf scale there are factors that can complicate this analysis. Given the…
Within the cold dark matter (CDM) framework tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) cannot contain dark matter, so the recent results by Bournaud et al. (2007) that 3 rotating TDGs do show significant evidence for being dark matter dominated is…
Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a hypothesized modification of Newton's law of universal gravitation to account for the flat rotation curves in the outer regions of galaxies, thereby eliminating the need for dark matter. Although a…
The rotation curves of low surface brightness galaxies provide a unique data set with which to test alternative theories of gravitation over a large dynamic range in size, mass, surface density, and acceleration. Many clearly fail,…
The rotation dynamics of spiral galaxies is modeled using a sum of two mass distributions: a spherical bulge and a thin disk. The density functions representing these mass distributions are calculated from the total angular momentum of the…
Allowing the energy of a gravitational field to serve partially as its own source allows gravitating bodies to exhibit stronger fields, as if they were more massive. Depending on degree of compaction of the body, the field could be one to…
The non-gauge vector field with as simple as possible Lagrangian (\ref{Lagrangian}) turned out an adequate tool for macroscopic description of the main properties of dark matter. The dependence of the velocity of a star on the radius of the…
Dwarf and low surface brightness galaxies are ideal objects to test modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), because in most of these galaxies the accelerations fall below the threshold below where MOND supposedly applies. We have selected from…
Low surface brightness galaxies are an excellent laboratory where stars and baryonic matter act as tracers of the gravitational potential of the dark matter halo. If dark matter is modeled as a perfect fluid, then spherically symmetric and…
Motivated by results implying that the constituents of dark matter (DM) might be collisional, we consider a cosmological (toy-) model, in which the DM itself possesses some sort of thermodynamic properties. In this case, not only can the…
Logarithmic superfluid theory of physical vacuum suggests that gravity has a multiple-scale structure; where one can recognize sub-Newtonian, Newtonian, logarithmic, linear and quadratic (de Sitter) terms in the induced spacetime metric and…
EGRET gamma-ray archival data used with GALPROP software show two ringlike structures in Milky Way Plane which roughly tally with distribution of stars ([1] & references therein). To understand fully the implications of this and similar…
We review some recent work by Mannheim and O'Brien on the systematics of galactic rotation curves in the conformal gravity theory. In this work the conformal theory was applied to a comprehensive, high quality sample of spiral galaxies…