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We survey the recent sequence of algorithms for evaluating Boolean formulas consisting of NAND gates.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-21 Andris Ambainis

We describe and motivate a proposed new approach to lowerbounding the circuit complexity of boolean functions, based on a new formalization of "patterns" as elements of a special basis of the vector space of all truth table properties. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Bruce K. Smith

For decision problems P defined over Boolean circuits from a restricted set of gates, we have that P(B) AC0 many-one reduces to P(B') for all finite sets B and B' of gates such that all gates from B can be computed by circuits over gates…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-01-06 Michael Thomas

We investigate in a method for proving separation results for abstract classes of languages. A well established method to characterize varieties of regular languages are identities. We use a recently established generalization of these…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-10-19 Silke Czarnetzki , Andreas Krebs

We present a constructive SAT-based algorithm to determine the multiplicative complexity of a Boolean function, i.e., the smallest number of AND gates in any logic network that consists of 2-input AND gates, 2-input XOR gates, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Mathias Soeken

We investigate computing models that are presented as families of finite computing devices with a uniformity condition on the entire family. Examples of such models include Boolean circuits, membrane systems, DNA computers, chemical…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Niall Murphy , Damien Woods

We study the circuit complexity of boolean functions in a certain infinite basis. The basis consists of all functions that take value $1$ on antichains over the boolean cube. We prove that the circuit complexity of the parity function and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-10-10 Olga Podolskaya

Proving complexity lower bounds remains a challenging task: we only know how to prove conditional uniform lower bounds and nonuniform lower bounds in restricted circuit models. Williams (STOC 2010) showed how to derive nonuniform lower…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikolai Chukhin , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin , Arina Smirnova

Most classical results in circuit complexity theory concern circuits over the Boolean domain. Besides their simplicity and the ease of comparing different languages, the actual architecture of computers is also an important motivating…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Piotr Kawałek , Jacek Krzaczkowski

In this work we investigate into energy complexity, a Boolean function measure related to circuit complexity. Given a circuit $\mathcal{C}$ over the standard basis $\{\vee_2,\wedge_2,\neg\}$, the energy complexity of $\mathcal{C}$, denoted…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Xiaoming Sun , Yuan Sun , Kewen Wu , Zhiyu Xia

In the present note we prove an asymptotically tight relation between additive and multiplicative complexity of Boolean functions with respect to implementation by circuits over the basis {+,*,1}.

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Igor S. Sergeev

Boolean nested canalizing functions (NCFs) have important applications in molecular regulatory networks, engineering and computer science. In this paper, we study their certificate complexity. For both Boolean values $b\in\{0,1\}$, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-15 Yuan Li , Frank Ingram , Huaming Zhang

Boolean nested canalizing functions (NCFs) have important applications in molecular regulatory networks, engineering and computer science. In this paper, we study their certificate complexity. For both Boolean values $b\in\{0,1\}$, we…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Yuan Li , Frank Ingram , Huaming Zhang

A main open question in contemporary AI research is quantifying the forms of reasoning neural networks can perform when perfectly trained. This paper answers this by interpreting reasoning tasks as circuit emulation, where the gates define…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Anastasis Kratsios , Dennis Zvigelsky , Bradd Hart

Query complexity measures the amount of information an algorithm needs about a problem to compute a solution. On a quantum computer there are different realizations of a query and we will show that these are not always equivalent. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arvid J. Bessen

We study the computational complexity of two Boolean nonlinearity measures: the nonlinearity and the multiplicative complexity. We show that if one-way functions exist, no algorithm can compute the multiplicative complexity in time…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Magnus Gausdal Find

We show that two related classes of algorithms, stable algorithms and Boolean circuits with bounded depth, cannot produce an approximate sample from the uniform measure over the set of solutions to the symmetric binary perceptron model at…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Ahmed El Alaoui , David Gamarnik

In arXiv:1710.08163 a generalization of Boolean circuits to arbitrary finite algebras had been introduced and applied to sketch P versus NP-complete borderline for circuits satisfiability over algebras from congruence modular varieties.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Paweł M. Idziak , Piotr Kawałek , Jacek Krzaczkowski

We investigate the complexity of uniform OR circuits and AND circuits of polynomial-size and depth. As their name suggests, OR circuits have OR gates as their computation gates, as well as the usual input, output and constant (0/1) gates.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Niall Murphy , Damien Woods

We present a framework for studying circuit complexity that is inspired by techniques that are used for analyzing the complexity of CSPs. We prove that the circuit complexity of a Boolean function $f$ is characterized by the partial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Gustav Nordh