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Non-relativistic collisionless shock waves are widespread in space and astrophysical plasmas and are known as efficient particle accelerators. However, our understanding of collisionless shocks, including their structure and the mechanisms…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-07-23 T. Liseykina , G. Dudnikova , V. Vshivkov , M. Malkov

It is argued and demonstrated by particle-in-cell simulations that the synchrotron maser instability could develop at the front of a relativistic, magnetized shock. The instability generates strong low-frequency electromagnetic waves…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Yuri Lyubarsky

Electron acceleration associated with various plasma kinetic instabilities in a nonrelativistic, very-high-Alfv\'en Mach-number ($M_A \sim 45$) shock is revealed by means of a two-dimensional fully kinetic PIC simulation. Electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Y. Matsumoto , T. Amano , M. Hoshino

We use large hybrid simulations to study ion acceleration and generation of magnetic turbulence due to the streaming of particles that are self-consistently accelerated at non-relativistic shocks. When acceleration is efficient, we find…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Damiano Caprioli , Anatoly Spitkovsky

First-order Fermi acceleration processes at ultrarelativistic shocks are studied with Monte Carlo simulations. The accelerated particle spectra are derived by integrating the exact particle trajectories in a turbulent magnetic field near…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jacek Niemiec , Michal Ostrowski

Plasma instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks may be responsible for particle (electron, positron, and ion) acceleration. Using a 3-D relativistic electromagnetic particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. E. Hardee , C. B. Hededal , G. J. Fishman

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Buneman instability, two-streaming instability, and the Weibel instability) created in the shocks are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

Colliding collisionless shocks appear in a great variety of astrophysical phenomena and are thought to be possible sources of particle acceleration in the Universe. To investigate the detailed dynamics of this phenomenon, we have performed…

Using test particle simulations we study electron acceleration at collisionless shocks with a two-component model turbulent magnetic field with slab component including dissipation range. We investigate the importance of shock normal angle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-13 G. Qin , F. -J. Kong , L. -H. Zhang

We study the physics of electron acceleration at collisionless shocks that move through a plasma containing large-scale magnetic fluctuations. We numerically integrate the trajectories of a large number of electrons, which are treated as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Fan Guo , Joe Giacalone

Energetic positrons have been observed in the interstellar medium, and high-energy positrons with relativistic energies up to approximately 1 TeV have been detected in Galactic cosmic rays. We conducted a study on the acceleration of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-31 Huan Yu , Qi Xia , Jun Fang

We investigate the physics of particle acceleration at non-relativistic shocks exploiting two different and complementary approaches, namely a semi-analytic modeling of cosmic-ray modified shocks and large hybrid (kinetic protons/fluid…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Damiano Caprioli

We consider the acceleration of charged particles near ultra-relativistic shocks, with Lorentz factor Gamma_s >> 1. We present simulations of the acceleration process and compare these with results from semi-analytical calculations. We show…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Abraham Achterberg , Yves A. Gallant , John G. Kirk , Axel W. Guthmann

I review the current status of Fermi acceleration theory at relativistic shocks. I first discuss the relativistic shock jump conditions, then describe the non-relativistic Fermi mechanism and the differences introduced by relativistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yves A. Gallant

While collisionless plasmas are ubiquitously present near astrophysical compact objects, the impact that their composition has on the high-energy emission is presently unknown. We present the first investigation of particle-acceleration…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Claudio Meringolo , Mario Imbrogno , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Sergio Servidio , Luciano Rezzolla

It is shown that collisionless shock waves can be driven in unmagnetized electron-positron plasmas by performing a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. At the shock transition region, strong magnetic fields are generated by a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-03-31 Tsunehiko N. Kato

We model relativistically colliding plasma by PIC simulations in one and two spatial dimensions, taking an ion-to-electron mass ratio of 400. Energy dissipation by a wave precursor of mixed polarity and different densities of the colliding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. E. Dieckmann , P. K. Shukla , L. O. C. Drury

Strong non-relativistic shocks are known to accelerate particles up to relativistic energies. However, for Diffusive Shock Acceleration electrons must have a highly suprathermal energy, implying a need for very efficient pre-acceleration.…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Karol Fulat , Artem Bohdan , Gabriel Torralba Paz , Martin Pohl

We discuss 3D simulations of relativistic collisionless shocks in electron-positron pair plasmas using the particle-in-cell (PIC) method. The shock structure is mainly controlled by the shock's magnetization ("sigma" parameter). We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Anatoly Spitkovsky