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Consider a formally self-adjoint first order linear differential operator acting on pairs (2-columns) of complex-valued scalar fields over a 4-manifold without boundary. We examine the geometric content of such an operator and show that it…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Yan-Long Fang , Dmitri Vassiliev

The distributed system $\mathcal{S}_D$ described by the Dirac equation is investigated simply as a dynamic system, i.e. without usage of quantum principles. The Dirac equation is described in terms of hydrodynamic variables: 4-flux $j^{i}$,…

General Physics · Physics 2011-02-01 Yuri A. Rylov

Maxwell's equations and the Dirac equation are the first-order differential relativistic wave equation for electromagnetic waves and electronic waves respectively. Hence, there is a notable similarity between these two wave equations, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-04 Mingjie Li , S. A. R. Horsley

We consider the following first order systems of mathematical physics. 1.The Dirac equation with scalar potential. 2.The Dirac equation with electric potential. 3.The Dirac equation with pseudoscalar potential. 4.The system describing…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Viktor G. Kravchenko , Vladislav V. Kravchenko

A novel method is developed to derive the original Dirac equation and demonstrate that it is the only Poincare invariant dynamical equation for 4-component spinor wavefunctions. New Poincare invariant generalized Dirac and Klein-Gordon…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-11-08 R. Huegele , Z. E. Musielak , J. L. Fry

It is shown a complex function $\Phi$ defined to be the product of a real Gaussian function and a complex Dirac delta function satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations. It is also shown these harmonic $\Phi$-functions can be included in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-13 Robert J Ducharme

In flat spacetime, the Dirac equation is the "square root" of the Klein-Gordon equation in the sense that by applying the square of the Dirac operator to the Dirac spinor, one recovers the Klein-Gordon equation duplicated for each component…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-15 Nicolas Fleury , Fayçal Hammad , Parvaneh Sadeghi

The generalized Dirac equation of the third order, describing particles with spin 1/2 and three mass states, is analyzed. We obtain the first order generalized Dirac equation in the 24-dimensional matrix form. The mass and spin projection…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 S. I. Kruglov

The Dirac equation plays an essential role in the relativistic quantum systems, which is reduced to a form similar to Schrodinger equation when a certain potential's type is selected as the Cornell potential. By choosing the generalized…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-24 M. Abu-Shady , Mohammed K. A. Kaabar

It is shown that the calculation of Dirac operator for the spherical coordinate system with spherical Dirac matrices and using the spin connection formalism is in the contradiction with the definition of standard Dirac operator in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-28 Vladimir Dzhunushaliev

We present a new analysis of the connection between the classical conservation theorems and the role played by the Dirac matrices in order to obtain a four spinor version of the Dirac equation for the two electrons bound problem. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-30 Daniel L. Nascimento , Antonio L. A. Fonseca

The article is a natural continuation of our paper {\em Quantum scalar field in FRW Universe with constant electromagnetic background}, Int. J. Mod. Phys. {\bf A12}, 4837 (1997). We generalize the latter consideration to the case of massive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 S. P. Gavrilov , D. M. Gitman , A. E. Goncalves

In this work we produce a classical Lagrangian description of an elementary spinning particle which satisfies Dirac equation when quantized. We call this particle a classical Dirac particle. We analyze in detail the way we arrive to this…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Juan Barandiaran , Martin Rivas

A two-dimensional spatially and temporally modulated Wannier-Stark system of ultracold atoms in optical lattices is shown to mimic the behavior of a Dirac particle. Suitable additional modulations generate an artificial gauge field which…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-05-08 Jean Claude Garreau , Véronique Zehnlé

Dirac's equation of the electron will be discussed by using quaternions as the basis of a new formalism which seems to be very well adapted to the problem. The transformation properties of the equations as well as the invariant and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Cornelius Lanczos

We extend the $(1+1)$-dimensional Dirac-Moshinsky oscillator by changing the standard derivative by the Dunkl derivative. We demonstrate in a general way that for the Dirac-Dunkl oscillator be parity invariant, one of the spinor component…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 D. Ojeda-Guillén , R. D. Mota , M. Salazar-Ramírez , V. D. Granados

A realistic interpretation of Schroedinger and Dirac equations for density matrices is proposed, in which the difference between the position arguments of the density matrix is considered as an objective extra space dimension. "Particle"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Raiteri

A version of the Dirac equation is derived from first principles using a combination of quaternions and multivariate 4-vectors. The nilpotent form of the operators used allows us to derive explicit expressions for the wavefunctions of free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Rowlands , John P. Cullerne

Local decompositions of a Dirac spinor into `charged' and `real' pieces psi(x) = M(x) chi(x) are considered. chi(x) is a Majorana spinor, and M(x) a suitable Dirac-algebra valued field. Specific examples of the decomposition in 2+1…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 J. G. Sumner , P. D. Jarvis

In this article we present the algebraic rearrangement, or matrix inversion of the Dirac equation in a curved Riemann-Cartan spacetime with torsion, the presence of non-vanishing torsion is implied by the intrinsic spin-1/2 of the Dirac…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-18 Shaun Inglis , Peter Jarvis