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The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is an ideal instrument to conduct deep extragalactic surveys. It has a large field of view and is sensitive to large scale and compact emission. It is, however, very challenging to synthesize thermal noise…

LOFAR is a new and sensitive radio interferometer that can be used for dynamic high-resolution imaging spectroscopy at low radio frequencies from 10 to 90 and 110 to 250 MHz. Here we describe its usage for observations of the Sun and in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-22 Frank Breitling , Gottfried Mann , Christian Vocks , Matthias Steinmetz , Klaus G. Strassmeier

Current and future astronomical survey facilities provide a remarkably rich opportunity for transient astronomy, combining unprecedented fields of view with high sensitivity and the ability to access previously unexplored wavelength…

The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is under construction in the Netherlands and in several surrounding European countries. In this contribution, we describe the layout and design of the telescope, with a particular emphasis on the imaging…

This contribution reports on the status of LOFAR (the LOw Frequency ARray) in its ongoing commissioning phase. The purpose is to illustrate the progress that is being made, often on a daily basis, and the potential of this new instrument,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 R. Morganti , G. Heald , J. Hessels , M. Wise , A. Alexov , F. De Gasperin , V. Kondratiev , J. McKean , E. Orru` , R. Pizzo , R. van Weeren

Low frequency radio waves, while challenging to observe, are a rich source of information about pulsars. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is a new radio interferometer operating in the lowest 4 octaves of the ionospheric "radio window":…

Modern astronomical data processing requires complex software pipelines to process ever growing datasets. For radio astronomy, these pipelines have become so large that they need to be distributed across a computational cluster. This makes…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-17 Alexandar P. Mechev , Aske Plaat , J. B. Raymond Oonk , Huib T. Intema , Huub J. A. Röttgering

Radio astronomy is entering a new era with new and future radio observatories such as the Low Frequency Array and the Square Kilometer Array. We describe in detail an automated flagging pipeline and evaluate its performance. With only a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-07-16 A. R. Offringa , A. G. de Bruyn , S. Zaroubi , M. Biehl

With the arrival of a number of wide-field snapshot image-plane radio transient surveys, there will be a huge influx of images in the coming years making it impossible to manually analyse the datasets. Automated pipelines to process the…

LOFAR (Low Frequency Array) is an innovative radio telescope optimized for the frequency range 30-240 MHz. The telescope is realized as a phased aperture array without any moving parts. Digital beam forming allows the telescope to point to…

The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is capable of imaging spectroscopy of the Sun in the 10-240 MHz frequency range, with high spectral, temporal, and spatial resolution. However, the complex and rapidly varying nature of solar radio emission -…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 Soham Dey , Divya Oberoi , Pietro Zucca , Mattia Mancini , Deepan Patra , Devojyoti Kansabanik

LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array, is a powerful new radio telescope operating between 10 and 240 MHz. LOFAR allows detailed sensitive high-resolution studies of the low-frequency radio sky. At the same time LOFAR also provides excellent short…

LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 M. P. van Haarlem , M. W. Wise , A. W. Gunst , G. Heald , J. P. McKean , J. W. T. Hessels , A. G. de Bruyn , R. Nijboer , J. Swinbank , R. Fallows , M. Brentjens , A. Nelles , R. Beck , H. Falcke , R. Fender , J. Hörandel , L. V. E. Koopmans , G. Mann , G. Miley , H. Röttgering , B. W. Stappers , R. A. M. J. Wijers , S. Zaroubi , M. van den Akker , A. Alexov , J. Anderson , K. Anderson , A. van Ardenne , M. Arts , A. Asgekar , I. M. Avruch , F. Batejat , L. Bähren , M. E. Bell , M. R. Bell , I. van Bemmel , P. Bennema , M. J. Bentum , G. Bernardi , P. Best , L. Bîrzan , A. Bonafede , A. -J. Boonstra , R. Braun , J. Bregman , F. Breitling , R. H. van de Brink , J. Broderick , P. C. Broekema , W. N. Brouw , M. Brüggen , H. R. Butcher , W. van Cappellen , B. Ciardi , T. Coenen , J. Conway , A. Coolen , A. Corstanje , S. Damstra , O. Davies , A. T. Deller , R. -J. Dettmar , G. van Diepen , K. Dijkstra , P. Donker , A. Doorduin , J. Dromer , M. Drost , A. van Duin , J. Eislöffel , J. van Enst , C. Ferrari , W. Frieswijk , H. Gankema , M. A. Garrett , F. de Gasperin , M. Gerbers , E. de Geus , J. -M. Grießmeier , T. Grit , P. Gruppen , J. P. Hamaker , T. Hassall , M. Hoeft , H. Holties , A. Horneffer , A. van der Horst , A. van Houwelingen , A. Huijgen , M. Iacobelli , H. Intema , N. Jackson , V. Jelic , A. de Jong , E. Juette , D. Kant , A. Karastergiou , A. Koers , H. Kollen , V. I. Kondratiev , E. Kooistra , Y. Koopman , A. Koster , M. Kuniyoshi , M. Kramer , G. Kuper , P. Lambropoulos , C. Law , J. van Leeuwen , J. Lemaitre , M. Loose , P. Maat , G. Macario , S. Markoff , J. Masters , D. McKay-Bukowski , H. Meijering , H. Meulman , M. Mevius , E. Middelberg , R. Millenaar , J. C. A. Miller-Jones , R. N. Mohan , J. D. Mol , J. Morawietz , R. Morganti , D. D. Mulcahy , E. Mulder , H. Munk , L. Nieuwenhuis , R. van Nieuwpoort , J. E. Noordam , M. Norden , A. Noutsos , A. R. Offringa , H. Olofsson , A. Omar , E. Orrú , R. Overeem , H. Paas , M. Pandey-Pommier , V. N. Pandey , R. Pizzo , A. Polatidis , D. Rafferty , S. Rawlings , W. Reich , J. -P. de Reijer , J. Reitsma , A. Renting , P. Riemers , E. Rol , J. W. Romein , J. Roosjen , M. Ruiter , A. Scaife , K. van der Schaaf , B. Scheers , P. Schellart , A. Schoenmakers , G. Schoonderbeek , M. Serylak , A. Shulevski , J. Sluman , O. Smirnov , C. Sobey , H. Spreeuw , M. Steinmetz , C. G. M. Sterks , H. -J. Stiepel , K. Stuurwold , M. Tagger , Y. Tang , C. Tasse , I. Thomas , S. Thoudam , M. C. Toribio , B. van der Tol , O. Usov , M. van Veelen , A. -J. van der Veen , S. ter Veen , J. P. W. Verbiest , R. Vermeulen , N. Vermaas , C. Vocks , C. Vogt , M. de Vos , E. van der Wal , R. van Weeren , H. Weggemans , P. Weltevrede , S. White , S. J. Wijnholds , T. Wilhelmsson , O. Wucknitz , S. Yatawatta , P. Zarka , A. Zensus , J. van Zwieten

The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio telescope is an international aperture synthesis radio telescope used to study the Universe at low frequencies. One of the goals of the LOFAR telescope is to conduct deep wide-field surveys. Here we…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-11 A. P. Mechev , J. B. R. Oonk , A. Danezi , T. W. Shimwell , C. Schrijvers , H. T. Intema , A. Plaat , H. J. A. Röttgering

LOFAR, the Low Frequency Array, is a next-generation radio telescope that is being built in Northern Europe and expected to be fully operational at the end of this decade. It will operate at frequencies from 15 to 240 MHz (corresponding to…

Context: New generation low-frequency telescopes are exploring a new parameter space in terms of depth and resolution. The data taken with these interferometers, for example with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), are often calibrated in a…

The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is the only existing radio interferometer able to observe at ultra-low frequencies (<100 MHz) with high resolution (<15") and high sensitivity (<1 mJy/beam). To exploit these capabilities, the LOFAR Surveys…

LOFAR, the "low-frequency array", will be one of the first in a new generation of radio telescopes and Square Kilometer Array (SKA) pathfinders that are highly flexible in capability because they are largely software driven. LOFAR will not…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-03-10 J. W. T. Hessels , B. W. Stappers , J. van Leeuwen , LOFAR Transients Key Science Project

Transient radio phenomena and pulsars are one of six LOFAR Key Science Projects (KSPs). As part of the Transients KSP, the Pulsar Working Group (PWG) has been developing the LOFAR Pulsar Data Pipelines to both study known pulsars as well as…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 A. Alexov , J. W. T. Hessels , J. D. Mol , B. Stappers , J. van Leeuwen

The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is a new generation of electronic radio telescope based on aperture array technology. The telescope is being developed by ASTRON, and currently being rolled out across the Netherlands and other countries in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-03-07 M. A. Garrett , H. Rampadarath , E. Lenc , Olaf Wucknitz
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