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Boundaries are among the primary visual cues used by human and computer vision systems. One of the key problems in boundary detection is the label representation, which typically leads to class imbalance and, as a consequence, to thick…

This paper draws together nine strategies for creative visualization activities. Teaching visualization often involves running learning activities where students perform tasks that directly support one or more topics that the teacher wishes…

A representation is supposed universal if it encodes any element of the visual world (e.g., objects, scenes) in any configuration (e.g., scale, context). While not expecting pure universal representations, the goal in the literature is to…

Graph based representation is widely used in visual tracking field by finding correct correspondences between target parts in consecutive frames. However, most graph based trackers consider pairwise geometric relations between local parts.…

This is a comparative study of the traditional 3D computer graphics technique of geometric modelling and image-based rendering techniques that were surveyed and implemented.We have discussed the classifications and representative methods of…

For the task of image classification, neural networks primarily rely on visual patterns. In robust networks, we would expect for visually similar classes to be represented similarly. We consider the problem of when semantically similar…

Video question answering is a challenging task, which requires agents to be able to understand rich video contents and perform spatial-temporal reasoning. However, existing graph-based methods fail to perform multi-step reasoning well,…

Recent research on Vision Language Models (VLMs) suggests that they rely on inherent biases learned during training to respond to questions about visual properties of an image. These biases are exacerbated when VLMs are asked highly…

Textbooks in applied mathematics often use graphs to explain the meaning of formulae, even though their benefit is still not fully explored. To test processes underlying this assumed multimedia effect we collected performance scores, eye…

In this paper we provide a principled approach to solve a transductive classification problem involving a similar graph (edges tend to connect nodes with same labels) and a dissimilar graph (edges tend to connect nodes with opposing…

Many structured prediction tasks in machine vision have a collection of acceptable answers, instead of one definitive ground truth answer. Segmentation of images, for example, is subject to human labeling bias. Similarly, there are multiple…

The predominant approach to Visual Question Answering (VQA) demands that the model represents within its weights all of the information required to answer any question about any image. Learning this information from any real training set…

Chandrasekaran, Parrilo and Willsky (2010) proposed a convex optimization problem to characterize graphical model selection in the presence of unobserved variables. This convex optimization problem aims to estimate an inverse covariance…

The magnetic field is traditionally presented as a (pseudo)vector quantity, tied closely to the cross product. Though familiar to experts, many students find these ideas challenging and full of subtleties. Building on earlier work in…

For any fixed positive integer $r$ and a given budget $k$, the $r$-\textsc{Eigenvalue Vertex Deletion} ($r$-EVD) problem asks if a graph $G$ admits a subset $S$ of at most $k$ vertices such that the adjacency matrix of $G\setminus S$ has at…

Drawing appropriate diagrams is a useful problem solving heuristic that can transform a given problem into a representation that is easier to exploit for solving it. A major focus while helping introductory physics students learn problem…

Physically rearranging objects is an important capability for embodied agents. Visual room rearrangement evaluates an agent's ability to rearrange objects in a room to a desired goal based solely on visual input. We propose a simple yet…

The literature describes many visualization techniques for different types of data, tasks, and application contexts, and new techniques are proposed on a regular basis. Visualization surveys try to capture the immense space of techniques…

We study the problem of animating images by transferring spatio-temporal visual effects (such as melting) from a collection of videos. We tackle two primary challenges in visual effect transfer: 1) how to capture the effect we wish to…

Cognitive diagnosis, the goal of which is to obtain the proficiency level of students on specific knowledge concepts, is an fundamental task in smart educational systems. Previous works usually represent each student as a trainable…