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We present a quantum algorithm to prepare the thermal Gibbs state of interacting quantum systems. This algorithm sets a universal upper bound D^alpha on the thermalization time of a quantum system, where D is the system's Hilbert space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 David Poulin , Pawel Wocjan

Nature is governed by precise physical laws, which can inspire the discovery of new computer-run simulation algorithms. Thermal states are the most ubiquitous for they are the equilibrium states of matter. Simulating thermal states of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Oles Shtanko , Ramis Movassagh

In this work, we show how Gibbs or thermal states appear dynamically in closed quantum many-body systems, building on the program of dynamical typicality. We introduce a novel perturbation theorem for physically relevant weak system-bath…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-13 Arnau Riera , Christian Gogolin , Jens Eisert

Preparation of Gibbs distributions is an important task for quantum computation. It is a necessary first step in some types of quantum simulations and further is essential for quantum algorithms such as quantum Boltzmann training. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-04 Anirban N. Chowdhury , Guang Hao Low , Nathan Wiebe

Preparing ground states and thermal states is essential for simulating quantum systems on quantum computers. Despite the hope for practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation, popular state preparation approaches have been challenged.…

It is of great interest to understand the thermalization of open quantum many-body systems, and how quantum computers are able to efficiently simulate that process. A recently introduced disispative evolution, inspired by existing models of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França , Álvaro M. Alhambra

The preparation of Gibbs thermal states is an important task in quantum computation with applications in quantum simulation, quantum optimization, and quantum machine learning. However, many algorithms for preparing Gibbs states rely on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-25 Ada Warren , Linghua Zhu , Nicholas J. Mayhall , Edwin Barnes , Sophia E. Economou

A quantum system coupled to a bath at some fixed, finite temperature converges to its Gibbs state. This thermalization process defines a natural, physically-motivated model of quantum computation. However, whether quantum computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Thiago Bergamaschi , Chi-Fang Chen , Yunchao Liu

We introduce a classical algorithm to approximate the free energy of local, translation-invariant, one-dimensional quantum systems in the thermodynamic limit of infinite chain size. While the ground state problem (i.e., the free energy at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-04 Hamza Fawzi , Omar Fawzi , Samuel O. Scalet

Preparation of quantum thermal states of many-body systems is a key computational challenge for quantum processors, with applications in physics, chemistry, and classical optimization. We provide a simple and efficient algorithm for thermal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Jerome Lloyd , Dmitry A. Abanin

In a recent work [10], Poulin and one of us presented a quantum algorithm for preparing thermal Gibbs states of interacting quantum systems. This algorithm is based on Grovers's technique for quantum state engineering, and its running time…

Computational Physics · Physics 2013-06-12 Chen-Fu Chiang , Pawel Wocjan

The problem of simulating the thermal behavior of quantum systems remains a central open challenge in quantum computing. Unlike well-established quantum algorithms for unitary dynamics, \emph{provably efficient} algorithms for preparing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Dominik Hahn , Ryan Sweke , Abhinav Deshpande , Oles Shtanko

Preparing the Gibbs state of an interacting quantum many-body system on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is a crucial task for exploring the thermodynamic properties in the quantum regime. It encompasses understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-08 Mirko Consiglio

Calculations at finite temperatures are fundamental in different scientific fields, from nuclear physics to condensed matter. Evolution in imaginary time is a prominent classical technique for preparing thermal states of quantum systems. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Francesco Turro

Preparing thermal equilibrium states is an essential task for finite-temperature quantum simulations. In statistical mechanics, microstates in thermal equilibrium can be obtained from statistical ensembles. To date, numerous ensembles have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Yasushi Yoneta

The preparation of thermal states of matter is a crucial task in quantum simulation. In this work, we prove that a recently introduced, efficiently implementable dissipative evolution thermalizes to the Gibbs state in time scaling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Cambyse Rouzé , Daniel Stilck França , Álvaro M. Alhambra

The preparation of quantum Gibbs states at finite temperatures is a cornerstone of quantum computation, enabling applications in quantum simulation of many-body systems, machine learning via quantum Boltzmann machines, and optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Rui-Hao Li , Semeon Valgushev , Khadijeh Najafi

Simulating the nonequilibrium dynamics of thermal states is a fundamental problem across scales from high energy to condensed matter physics. Quantum computers may provide a way to solve this problem efficiently. Preparing a thermal state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-03 Jason Saroni , Henry Lamm , Peter P. Orth , Thomas Iadecola

The preparation of thermal equilibrium states is important for the simulation of condensed-matter and cosmology systems using a quantum computer. We present a method to prepare such mixed states with unitary operators, and demonstrate this…

We present a variational approach for quantum simulators to realize finite temperature Gibbs states by preparing thermofield double (TFD) states. Our protocol is motivated by the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-12-04 Jingxiang Wu , Timothy H. Hsieh
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