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The Jarzynski equality, which relates equilibrium free-energy difference to an average of non-equilibrium work, plays a central role in modern non-equilibrium statistical thermodynamics. In this paper, we study a weaker consequence of this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-06 Dani R. Castellanos , Petr Jizba

Jarzynski equality [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 56}, 5018 (1997)] is found to be valid with slight modefication for the transitions between nonequilibrium stationary states, as well as the one between equilibrium states. Also numerical results…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Takahiro Hatano

On the basis of a quantum mechanical analogue of the famous Feynman-Kac formula and the Kolmogorov picture, we present a novel method to derive nonequilibrium work equalities for isolated quantum systems, which include the Jarzynski…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-03 Fei Liu

Extracting equilibrium information from nonequilibrium measurements is a challenge task of great importance in understanding the thermodynamic properties of physical, chemical, and biological systems. The discovery of the Jarzynski equality…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-29 Geng Li , Z. C. Tu

The Jarzynski equality is one of the most influential results in the field of non equilibrium statistical mechanics. This celebrated equality allows to calculate equilibrium free energy differences from work distributions of nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-09-13 Shahaf Asban , Saar Rahav

In this work, we numerically verify the Jarzynski equality and Crook fluctuation theorem for a Brownian particle diffusing in a heterogeneous thermal bath and hence having a non-Gaussian position distribution. We use the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-05 A. Saravanan , I. Iyyappan

Five previously unknown inequalities relating equilibrium free energy differences and non-equilibrium work fluctuations are derived, and lucid path to derivation of many similar inequalities is presented. These results are based upon…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-05-24 Alexander Davydov

Responses of small open oscillator systems to applied external forces have been studied with the use of an exactly solvable classical Caldeira-Leggett (CL) model in which a harmonic oscillator (system) is coupled to finite $N$-body…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-27 Hideo Hasegawa

A system--bath (SB) model is considered to examine the Jarzynski equality in the fully quantum regime. In our previous paper [J. Chem. Phys. 153 (2020) 234107], we carried out "exact" numerical experiments using hierarchical equations of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-11 Souichi Sakamoto , Yoshitaka Tanimura

The Jarzynski equality relates the free energy difference between two equilibrium states to the fluctuating irreversible work afforded to switch between them. The prescribed fixed temperature for the equilibrium states implicitly constrains…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-03 Tobias Thalheim , Marco Braun , Gianmaria Falasco , Klaus Kroy , Frank Cichos

We develop a mathematical approach to the nonequilibrium work theorem which is traditionally referred to in statistical mechanics as Jarzynski's identity. We suggest a mathematically rigorous formulation and proof of the identity.

Probability · Mathematics 2008-03-31 Evelina Shamarova

The main goal of this paper is to put on solid mathematical grounds the so-called Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) transport formalism for open systems. In particular, we derive the Jauho-Meir-Wingreen formula for the time-dependent…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-12-12 H. D. Cornean , V. Moldoveanu , C. -A. Pillet

The Jarzynski equality (JE), which relates works of non-equilibrium trajectories to the free energy difference of the initial and final states of the non-equilibrium process, provides an efficient way to calculate free energies of systems…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-04-20 Biao Wan , Cheng Yang , Yanting Wang , Xin Zhou

The characteristic function of the work performed by an external time-dependent force on a Hamiltonian quantum system is identified with the time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian. A similar expression…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Peter Talkner , Eric Lutz , Peter Hanggi

We suggest and discuss a simple model of an ideal gas under the piston to gain an insight into the workings of the Jarzynski identity connecting the average exponential of the work over the non-equilibrium trajectories with the equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. C. Lua , A. Y. Grosberg

The Jarzynski equality (JE), which connects the equilibrium free energy with non-equilibrium work statistics, plays a crucial role in quantum thermodynamics. Although practical quantum systems are usually multi-level systems, most tests of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Wenquan Liu , Zhibo Niu , Wei Cheng , Xin Li , Chang-Kui Duan , Zhangqi Yin , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

We study the applications of non-equilibrium relations such as the Jarzynski equality and fluctuation theorem to spin glasses with gauge symmetry. It is shown that the exponentiated free-energy difference appearing in the Jarzynski equality…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-07-27 Masayuki Ohzeki , Hidetoshi Nishimori

The presence of multiplicative noise can alter measurements of forces acting on nanoscopic objects. Taking into account of multiplicative noise, we derive a series of non-equilibrium thermodynamical equalities as generalization of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-18 Ying Tang , Ruoshi Yuan , Ping Ao

The fluctuation theorems, and in particular, the Jarzynski equality, are the most important pillars of modern non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We extend the quantum Jarzynski equality together with the Two-Time Measurement Formalism…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-01 Anthony Bartolotta , Sebastian Deffner

The Jarzynski equality allows the calculation of free-energy differences using values of work measured from nonequilibrium trajectories. The number of trajectories required to accurately estimate free-energy differences in this way grows…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-13 Stephen Whitelam