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Many data-based statistical algorithms require that one find \textit{near or nearest neighbors} to a given vector among a set of points in that vector space, usually with Euclidean topology. The k-d data structure and search algorithms are…
This paper introduces a set of formally defined and transparent problems for reinforcement learning algorithms with the following characteristics: (1) variable degrees of observability (non-Markov observations), (2) distal and sparse…
Modular programming is a development paradigm that emphasizes self-contained, flexible, and independent pieces of functionality. This practice allows new features to be seamlessly added when desired, and unwanted features to be removed,…
Reference features from a template or historical frames are crucial for visual object tracking. Prior works utilize all features from a fixed template or memory for visual object tracking. However, due to the dynamic nature of videos, the…
Neutrino physics is one of the fundamental areas of research into the origins and properties of the Universe. Many experimental neutrino projects use sophisticated detectors to observe properties of these particles, and have turned to deep…
Numerous software systems are highly configurable through run-time options, such as command-line parameters. Users can tune some of the options to meet various functional and non-functional requirements such as footprint, security, or…
The progression of scientific computing resources has enabled the numerical approximation of mathematical models describing complex physical phenomena. A significant portion of researcher time is typically dedicated to the development of…
Adaptive optics systems are usually prototyped in a convenient but slow language like MATLAB or Python, and then re-written from scratch using high-performance C/C++ to perform real-time control. This duplication of effort adds costs and…
Random projection is often used to project higher-dimensional vectors onto a lower-dimensional space, while approximately preserving their pairwise distances. It has emerged as a powerful tool in various data processing tasks and has…
We present the C++ library CppSs (C++ super-scalar), which provides efficient task-parallelism without the need for special compilers or other software. Any C++ compiler that supports C++11 is sufficient. CppSs features different…
A new parallel computing framework has been developed to use with general-purpose radiation transport codes. The framework was implemented as a C++ module that uses MPI for message passing. The module is significantly independent of…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that think with images can interactively use tools to reason about visual inputs, but current approaches often rely on a narrow set of tools with limited real-world necessity and scalability. In this…
FLASH is a publicly available high performance application code which has evolved into a modular, extensible software system from a collection of unconnected legacy codes. FLASH has been successful because its capabilities have been driven…
This paper introduces the notion of Constrained Locating Arrays (CLAs), mathematical objects which can be used for fault localization in software testing. CLAs extend ordinary locating arrays to make them applicable to testing of systems…
Projections, or dimensionality reduction methods, are techniques of choice for the visual exploration of high-dimensional data. Many such techniques exist, each one of them having a distinct visual signature - i.e., a recognizable way to…
Modern Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) enjoy the same vision vocabulary -- CLIP, which can cover most common vision tasks. However, for some special vision task that needs dense and fine-grained vision perception, e.g., document-level…
This paper proposes a metric for sets of trajectories to evaluate multi-object tracking algorithms that includes time-weighted costs for localisation errors of properly detected targets, for false targets, missed targets and track switches.…
The Awkward Array library has been an important tool for physics analysis in Python since September 2018. However, some interface and implementation issues have been raised in Awkward Array's first year that argue for a reimplementation in…
Generating software from abstract models is a prime activity in model-drivenengineering. Adaptable and extendable code generators are important to address changing technologies as well as user needs. However, theyare less established, as…
Efficient Latin hypercube designs (LHDs), including maximin distance LHDs, maximum projection LHDs and orthogonal LHDs, are widely used in computer experiments. It is challenging to construct such designs with flexible sizes, especially for…