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In the famous thought experiment known as Wigner's friend, Wigner assigns an entangled state to the composite quantum system consisting of his friend and her observed system. In the context of this thought experiment, Brukner recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Ian T. Durham

This article presents a brief review of some historical and philosophical aspects of Einstein's 1917 paper 'Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity', a landmark work that denoted the starting point of modern…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-06-21 Cormac O'Raifeartaigh

We discuss an extremely simple effect of 'shadowing' where the very existence of the measuring apparatus deforms the evolution of quantum states even if the measurement is never preformed. In spite of strange intuitive aspects, it might be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-22 Bogdan Mielnik

It has been shown by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen that in quantum mechanics either one of two different wave functions predicting specific values for quantities represented by non-commuting Hermitian operators can characterize the same…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. M. Snyder

I suggest that the common unease with taking quantum mechanics as a fundamental description of nature (the "measurement problem") could derive from the use of an incorrect notion, as the unease with the Lorentz transformations before…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Carlo Rovelli

This encyclopedia article addresses questions like the following. How does the Sun shine? Does the neutrino have a mass? Are there weak interactions beyond those described by the standard model of particle physics?

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 John N. Bahcall

I present an elementary essay on some issues related to nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, which is written in the spirit of extreme simplicity, making it an easy-to-read paper. Moreover, one can find a useful collection of ideas and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 H. C. Rosu

This is a brief introduction to general relativity, designed for both students and teachers of the subject. While there are many excellent expositions of general relativity, few adequately explain the geometrical meaning of the basic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 John C. Baez , Emory F. Bunn

The observed matter in the universe accounts for just 5 percent of the observed gravity. A possible explanation is that Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity fail where gravity is either weak or enhanced. The modified theory of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Pedro G. Ferreira , Glenn Starkmann

In this note, we point attention to and briefly discuss a curious manuscript of Einstein, composed in 1938 and entitled "Unified Field Theory," the only such writing, published or unpublished, carrying this title without any further…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-08-25 Tilman Sauer , Tobias Schütz

The measurement conundrum seems to have plagued quantum mechanics for so long that impressions of an inconsistency amongst its axioms have spawned. A demonstration that such purported inconsistency is fictitious may then be in order and is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Tristan Hübsch

Even if Einstein brought major contributions as a founder of quantum mechanics, he remained deeply unsatisfied with the bases of this structure he knew to be so efficient for physics. His critics are often known through his numerous…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Roussel

We look at what astronomy from the Moon might be like in the visible over the next few decades. The Moon offers the possibility of installing large telescopes or interferometers with instruments larger than those on orbiting telescopes. We…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-26 Jean Schneider , Pierre Kervella , Antoine Labeyrie

This is a prelude to a book which I intend to publish. This paper describes my temporary thoughts on Einstein's pathway to the special theory of relativity. See my papers on my thoughts on Einstein's pathway to his general theory of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-04-10 Galina Weinstein

This essay gives a very general introduction to Schwarzschild black holes. First, it focuses on some of its classical features as solutions to Einstein's theory of gravity. In the second part it discusses briefly some specific quantum…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-01-07 Enrico M. Brehm

We present a first English translation and analysis of a little-known review of relativistic cosmology written by Albert Einstein in late 1932. The article, which was published in 1933 in a book of Einstein papers translated into French,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-01-26 Cormac O'Raifeartaigh , Michael O'Keeffe , Werner Nahm , Simon Mitton

Epistemological consequences of quantum nonlocality (entanglement) are discussed under the assumption of a universally valid Schr\"odinger equation in the absence of hidden variables. This leads inevitably to a {\it many-minds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. D. Zeh

Owing to the contextuality of the properties of quantum objects, quantum mechanics does not appear to countenance the elision of the thinking and perceiving subject. If quantum objects owe their properties to the experimental conditions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Ulrich Mohrhoff

Does the quantum state represent reality or our knowledge of reality? In making this distinction precise, we are led to a novel classification of hidden variable models of quantum theory. Indeed, representatives of each class can be found…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-30 Nicholas Harrigan , Robert W. Spekkens

How can quantum mechanics be (i) the fundamental theoretical framework of contemporary physics and (ii) a probability calculus that presupposes the events to which, and on the basis of which, it assigns probabilities? The question is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-06 Ulrich Mohrhoff