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Random bit generators (RBGs) are key components of a variety of information processing applications ranging from simulations to cryptography. In particular, cryptographic systems require "strong" RBGs that produce high-entropy bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Fiorentino , C. M. Santori , S. M. Spillane , W. J. Munro , R. G. Beausoleil

The true random number generators (TRNGs) have received extensive attention because of their wide applications in information transmission and encryption. The true random numbers generated by TRNG are typically applied to the encryption…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Yong Yao , Xing Chen , Wang Kang , Youguang Zhang , Weisheng Zhao

Generating streams of true random numbers is a critical component of many embedded systems. The design of fully integrated, area and power efficient True Random Number Generators is a challenge. We propose a fully integrated, lightweight…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-16 Gilson Wirth , Pedro A B Alves , Roberto da Silva

Random Number Generators (RNGs) are crucial for applications ranging from cryptography to simulations. Depending on the source of randomness, RNGs are classified into Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs), True Random Number Generators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Anurag K. S. V. , Shubham Chouhan , K. Srinivasan , G. Raghavan , Kanaka Raju P

Randomness is one of the most important resources in modern information science, since encryption founds upon the trust in random numbers. Since it is impossible to prove if an existing random bit string is truly random, it is relevant that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-22 Lukas Oberreiter , Ilja Gerhardt

True random number generators (TRNGs) underpin modern cryptography, yet existing implementations face fundamental trade-offs between speed, scalability, and entropy quality. Here, we demonstrate that stochastic switching in the bistable…

Quantum random-number generators (QRNGs) can offer a means to generate information-theoretically provable random numbers, in principle. In practice, unfortunately, the quantum randomness is inevitably mixed with classical randomness due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-25 Xiongfeng Ma , Feihu Xu , He Xu , Xiaoqing Tan , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Unique key generation is essential for encryption purposes between Internet of Things (IoT) devices. To produce a unique key for this encryption, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) might be employed. Also, the Random Number Generator…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Md Ishtyaq Mahmud , Ahmed Abdelgawad , Venkata P. Yanambaka

Pulsars exhibit signals with precise inter-arrival times that are on the order of milliseconds to seconds, depending on the individual pulsar. There are subtle variations in the timing of pulsar signals. We show that these variations can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hayder Tirmazi

The cryptographic security provided by various techniques of random number generator (RNG) construction is one of the developing researches areas today. Among various types of RNG, the true random bit generator (TRBG) can be considered as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-05-22 Togzhan Abzhanova , Irina Dolzhikova , Alex Pappachen James

Virtual Trusted Platform modules (TPMs) were proposed as a software-based alternative to the hardware-based TPMs to allow the use of their cryptographic functionalities in scenarios where multiple TPMs are required in a single platform,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-08-08 Sami Alsouri , Thomas Feller , Sunil Malipatlolla , Stefan Katzenbeisser

Random numbers form an intrinsic part of modern day computing with applications in a wide variety of fields. But due to their limitations, the use of pseudo random number generators (PRNGs) is certainly not desirable for sensitive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Abhishek Yadav , Sandeep Mishra , Anirban Pathak

High-quality random numbers are very critical to many fields such as cryptography, finance, and scientific simulation, which calls for the design of reliable true random number generators (TRNGs). Limited by entropy source, throughput,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Siqing Fu , Tiejun Li , Chunyuan Zhang , Hanqing Li , Sheng Ma , Jianmin Zhang , Ruiyi Zhang , Lizhou Wu

A novel Mathematical Random Number Generator (MRNG) is presented here. In this case, "mathematical" refers to the fact that to construct that generator it is not necessary to resort to a physical phenomenon, such as the thermal noise of an…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2012-11-22 Osvaldo Skliar , Ricardo E. Monge , Sherry Gapper , Guillermo Oviedo

The Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a cryptoprocessor designed to protect integrity and security of modern computers. Communications with the TPM go through the TPM Software Stack (TSS), a popular implementation of which is the open-source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Yani Ziani , Nikolai Kosmatov , Frédéric Loulergue , Daniel Gracia Pérez , Téo Bernier

Random number generators (RNG) based on quantum mechanics are captivating due to their security and unpredictability compared to conventional generators, such as pseudo-random number generators and hardware-random number generators. This…

Quantum Random Number Generators provide true physical randomness based on quantum processes, essential for cryptographic and scientific applications. However, practical implementations face challenges in robustness and verifiability:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Rodrigo Piera , Gianluca De Santis , Agustin Sanchez , Yury Kurochkin , James A. Grieve

An operating system kernel uses cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator for creating address space localization randomization offsets to protect memory addresses to processes from exploration, storing users' password securely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Kunal Abhishek , George Dharma Prakash Raj E

Generating secure random numbers is vital to the security and privacy infrastructures we rely on today. Having a computer system generate a secure random number is not a trivial problem due to the deterministic nature of computer systems.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-10 JV Roig

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the intrinsic randomness in measurement processes: the measurement outputs are truly random given the input state is a superposition of the eigenstates of the measurement operators. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Bing Qi