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The state complexity, respectively, nondeterministic state complexity of a regular language $L$ is the number of states of the minimal deterministic, respectively, of a minimal nondeterministic finite automaton for $L$. Some of the most…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Arto Salomaa , Kai Salomaa , Taylor J. Smith

We study the complexity of basic regular operations on languages represented by incomplete deterministic or nondeterministic automata, in which all states are final. Such languages are known to be prefix-closed. We get tight bounds on both…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Kristína Čevorová , Galina Jirásková , Peter Mlynárčik , Matúš Palmovský , Juraj Šebej

We examine deterministic and nondeterministic state complexities of regular operations on prefix-free languages. We strengthen several results by providing witness languages over smaller alphabets, usually as small as possible. We next…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Galina Jirásková , Monika Krausová

The state complexity of basic operations on finite languages (considering complete DFAs) has been in studied the literature. In this paper we study the incomplete (deterministic) state and transition complexity on finite languages of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-05 Eva Maia , Nelma Moreira , Rogério Reis

Descriptional complexity is the study of the conciseness of the various models representing formal languages. The state complexity of a regular language is the size, measured by the number of states of the smallest, either deterministic or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Yuan Gao , Nelma Moreira , Rogério Reis , Sheng Yu

We investigate the accepting state complexity of deterministic finite automata for regular languages obtained by applying one of the following operations to languages accepted by permutation automata: union, quotient, complement,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Christian Rauch , Markus Holzer

We consider the state complexity of basic operations on tree languages recognized by deterministic unranked tree automata. For the operations of union and intersection the upper and lower bounds of both weakly and strongly deterministic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Xiaoxue Piao , Kai Salomaa

We study descriptive complexity properties of the class of regular bifix-free languages, which is the intersection of prefix-free and suffix-free regular languages. We show that there exist a single ternary universal (stream of) bifix-free…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

We introduce a new measure on regular languages: their nondeterministic syntactic complexity. It is the least degree of any extension of the `canonical boolean representation' of the syntactic monoid. Equivalently, it is the least number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Robert Myers , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

A regular language $L$ is union-free if it can be represented by a regular expression without the union operation. A union-free language is deterministic if it can be accepted by a deterministic one-cycle-free-path finite automaton; this is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-04 Janusz A. Brzozowski , Sylvie Davies

We survey recent results concerning the complexity of regular languages represented by their minimal deterministic finite automata. In addition to the quotient complexity of the language -- which is the number of its (left) quotients, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Janusz A. Brzozowski

This paper deals with the size complexity of minimal {\it two-way quantum finite automata} (2qfa's) necessary for operations to perform on all inputs of each fixed length. Such a complexity measure, known as state complexity of operations,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-07-04 Daowen Qiu

In this paper we consider block languages, namely sets of words having the same length, and study the deterministic and nondeterministic state complexity of several operations on these languages. Being a subclass of finite languages, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Guilherme Duarte , Nelma Moreira , Luca Prigioniero , Rogério Reis

The state complexity of a regular language is the number of states in the minimal deterministic automaton accepting the language. The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-19 Janusz Brzozowski , Yuli Ye

The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic complexity of a subclass of regular languages is the maximal syntactic complexity of languages in that subclass, taken as a function…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-16 Janusz Brzozowski , Baiyu Li

In this paper, we consider the transition complexity of regular languages based on the incomplete deterministic finite automata. A number of results on Boolean operations have been obtained. It is shown that the transition complexity…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-11 Yuan Gao , Kai Salomaa , Sheng Yu

We investigate the nondeterministic state complexity of the square-root operation $\sqrt{L}=\{\,w \mid ww\in L\,\}$ on regular languages represented by nondeterministic finite automata. For an $n$-state NFA accepting $L$, it was previously…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sergey Onishchenko

The quotient complexity, also known as state complexity, of a regular language is the number of distinct left quotients of the language. The quotient complexity of an operation is the maximal quotient complexity of the language resulting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-12-20 Janusz Brzozowski , Bo Liu

The state complexity of the result of a regular operation is often positively correlated with the number of distinct transformations induced by letters in the minimal deterministic finite automaton of the input languages. That is, more…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Sylvie Davies

A language L is prefix-free if, whenever words u and v are in L and u is a prefix of v, then u=v. Suffix-, factor-, and subword-free languages are defined similarly, where "subword" means "subsequence". A language is bifix-free if it is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-05-13 Janusz Brzozowski , Galina Jirásková , Baiyu Li , Joshua Smith
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