Related papers: Critical examination of RHIC paradigms-mostly high…
The existence and location of the QCD critical point is an object of both experimental and theoretical studies. The comprehensive data collected by NA61/SHINE during a two-dimensional scan in beam momentum (13A-150A GeV/c) and system size…
With the measurement of several observables at SPS energies that demonstrate non-monotonic behavior as a function of centrality and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, there is growing interest in pursuing a scan of relativistic heavy ion collisions at low…
I review progress toward the experimental study of polarized proton collisions at RHIC, at center-of-mass energies of several hundred GeV. The tools under development for these experiments are summarized, with emphasis on the…
Nonequilibrium models (three-fluid hydrodynamics, UrQMD, and quark molecular dynamics) are used to discuss the uniqueness of often proposed experimental signatures for quark matter formation in relativistic heavy ion collisions from the SPS…
Projected annual results for heavy particle and high-p_{T} correlation studies at future RHICII luminosities.
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been in operation since 2000. Over the past decade, the luminosity in the polarized proton (p-p) operations has increased by more than one order of magnitude.…
The most significant experimental results on hard processes in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC collider energies are reviewed. Emphasis is put on measurements that provide insights on strongly interacting media like the ``Quark Gluon Plasma''…
Soon after the LHC is commissioned with proton beams the ATLAS experiment will begin studies of Pb-Pb collisions with a center of mass energy of ?sNN = 5.5 TeV. The ATLAS program is a natural extension of measurements at RHIC in a direction…
The first three measurements from the RHIC program were results on global observables: charged particle multiplicity (N_ch), transverse energy (E_T) and elliptic flow (v_2). They offer a look at the large-scale features of particle…
We review the physics of nuclear matter at high energy density and the experimental search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The data obtained in the first three years of the RHIC physics program…
We review recent results on hard observables in p+p, d+A and A+A collisions obtained by the PHENIX experiment. Emphasis is put on those measurements that provide insight into the properties of hot QCD media expected to be created in…
We give a brief overview of our current theoretical understanding of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision and the properties of super-hot nuclear matter. We focus on several issues that have been discussed in connection with experimental…
Jets are studied in A-A collisions at RHIC and LHC with the goal to understand how they are affected by the medium and how they affect the medium. It is widely believed that hard-scattered partons lose energy when propagating through a…
We study the hadron spectra in nearly central $A$+$A$ collisions at RHIC and LHC in a broad transverse momentum range. We cover the low-$p_T$ spectra using longitudinally boost-invariant hydrodynamics with initial energy and net-baryon…
Recent soft physics results from collisions of ultra-relativistic nuclei at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) operating at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) are reviewed. Topics discussed cover the Beam Energy Scan program with some…
At high collision energies as achieved at the LHC there are increasing contributions from hard processes, which can be computed with perturbative QCD. Nevertheless, particle production is still dominated by soft QCD with transferred…
The physics of hadron-hadron collisions is very complex involving both perturbative and non perturbative QCD. It is imperative to study p-p collisions in detail to provide a variety of measurements against which the theoretical calculations…
Hard-scattering of point-like constituents (or partons) in p-p collisions was discovered at the CERN-ISR in 1972 by measurements utilizing inclusive single or pairs of hadrons with large transverse momentum ($p_T$). It was generally assumed…
The freeze-out curve, which describes a vast amount of precise experimental data in heavy ion collisions, provides a relation between the colliding energy and the thermodynamical parameters of the fireball. The variance, skew and kurtosis…
These days, as high energy particle colliders become unavailable for testing speculative theoretical ideas, physicists are looking to other environments that may provide extreme conditions where theory confronts physical reality. One such…