Related papers: Monoids of injective maps closed under conjugation…

We study the P versus NP problem through properties of functions and monoids, continuing the work of [3]. Here we consider inverse monoids whose properties and relationships determine whether P is different from NP, or whether injective…

In homotopy type theory we can define the join of maps as a binary operation on maps with a common co-domain. This operation is commutative, associative, and the unique map from the empty type into the common codomain is a neutral element.…

Each graph and choice of a commutative ring gives rise to an associated graphical group. In this article, we introduce and investigate graph polynomials that enumerate conjugacy classes of graphical groups over finite fields according to…

Given a finite commutative monoid $M$, we show that submonoids of $M\times [n]$ - where $[n] = \{0,1,\ldots,n\}$ is equipped with the max operation $\vee$ - may be enumerated via the transfer matrix method. When $M$ is also idempotent, we…

We consider a class $\mathcal{F}$ of Markov multi-maps on the unit interval. Any multi-map gives rise to a space of trajectories, which is a closed, shift-invariant subset of $[0,1]^{\mathbb{Z}_+}$. For a multi-map in $\mathcal{F}$, we show…

Let A be a finitely generated commutative algebra over a field K with a presentation A=K < X_{1}, ..., X_{n} | R >, where R is a set of monomial relations in the generators X_{1}, ..., X_{n}. So A = K[S], the semigroup algebra of the monoid…

Let $<X>$ be the free monoid on a generating set $X$, and suppose one adjoins to $<X>$ universal 2-sided inverses to a finite set $S$ of its elements. We note an elementary algorithm which yields a normal form for elements of the resulting…

We present the notion of injective hom-complexity, leading to a connection between the covering number of a group and the sectional number of a group homomorphism, and provide estimates for computing this invariant.

In this article we give a classification of the sub-groups in PSL(2,Z) and of the conjugacy classes of these sub-groups by the mean of an combinatorial invariant: some trivalent diagrams (dotted or not). We give explicit formulae enabling…

Let k be at most 0, and let X be a locally-finite CAT(k) polyhedral 2-complex X, each face with constant curvature k. Let E be a closed, rectifiably-connected subset of X with trivial first singular homology. We show that E, under the…

In this dissertation, we explore the structure of inversion graphs of permutations--a class of graphs that naturally arises by representing each permutation as a graph, where vertices correspond to entries and edges encode inversions.…

Given a surjective ring homomorphism, we study when the induced group homomorphism on unit groups is surjective. To this end, we introduce notions of generalized inverses and units, as well as a class of rings such that the set of closed…

A partial automorphism of a semigroup $S$ is any isomorphism between its subsemigroups, and the set all partial automorphisms of $S$ with respect to composition is the inverse monoid called the partial automorphism monoid of $S$. Two…

In this paper we study grouplike monoids, these are monoids that contain a group to which we add an ordered set of idempotents. We classify finite categories with two objects having grouplike endomorphism monoids, and we give a count of…

We prove that for any fixed unitary matrix $U$, any abelian self-adjoint algebra of matrices that is invariant under conjugation by $U$ can be embedded into a maximal abelian self-adjoint algebra that is still invariant under conjugation by…

A pattern class is a set of permutations closed under the formation of subpermutations. Such classes can be characterised as those permutations not involving a particular set of forbidden permutations. A simple collection of necessary and…

We determine when an antiinvolution on an adjoint semisimple linear algebraic group extends to an antiinvolution on a $J$-irreducible monoid. Using this information, we study a special class of compactifications of symmetric varieties.…

In this paper is proved that the group of automorphisms of semigroup End(P[X]), if P is algebraically closed field, is generated by semi-inner automorphisms.

A Gauss diagram is a simple, combinatorial way to present a link. It is known that any Vassiliev invariant may be obtained from a Gauss diagram formula that involves counting subdiagrams of certain combinatorial types. In this paper we…

For a semigroup $S$, the covering number of $S$ with respect to semigroups, $\sigma_s(S)$, is the minimum number of proper subsemigroups of $S$ whose union is $S$. This article investigates covering numbers of semigroups and analogously…