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A polynomial is presented that models a topological knot in a unique manner. It distinguishes all types of knots including the orientation and has a group theory interpretation. The topologies may be labeled via a number, which upon a base…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gordon Chalmers

For a given $(X,S,\beta)$, where $S,\beta\colon X\times X\to X\times X$ are set theoretical solutions of Yang-Baxter equation with a compatibility condition, we define an invariant for virtual (or classical) knots/links using non…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-08-29 Marco Farinati , Juliana García Galofre

This paper is a brief overview of some of our recent results in collaboration with other authors. The cocycle invariants of classical knots and knotted surfaces are summarized, and some applications are presented.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Scott Carter , Masahico Saito

Classical invariant theory establishes a systematic correspondence between algebraic and smooth invariants for compact and reductive Lie groups. However, the extension of these results to non-compact and non-reductive regimes remains a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Leandro Nery

It is well known that knots are countable in ordinary knot theory. Recently, knots {\it with intersections} have raised a certain interest, and have been found to have physical applications. We point out that such knots --equivalence…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Norbert Grot , Carlo Rovelli

In this paper, we build on the biquasiles and dual graph diagrams introduced in arXiv:1610.06969. We introduce \textit{biquasile Boltzmann weights} that enhance the previous knot coloring invariant defined in terms of finite biquasiles and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-09-25 WonHyuk Choi , Deanna Needell , Sam Nelson

Tied links and the tied braid monoid were introduced recently by the authors and used to define new invariants for classical links. Here, we give a version purely algebraic-combinatoric of tied links. With this new version we prove that the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Francesca Aicardi , Jesus Juyumaya

We define a nontrivial mod 2 valued additive concordance invariant defined on the torsion subgroup of the knot concordance group using involutive knot Floer package. For knots not contained in its kernel, we prove that their iterated…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Sungkyung Kang , JungHwan Park

In this note, we consider the problem of constructing knot invariants from Yang-Baxter operators associated to (unitary associative) algebra structures. We first compute the enhancements of these operators. Then, we conclude that Turaev's…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-12-01 Gwenael Massuyeau , Florin F. Nichita

We enhance the biquandle counting invariant using elements of truncated biquandle-labeled Polyak algebras. These finite type enhancements reduce to the finite type enhancements defined by Goussarov, Polyak and Viro for the trivial biquandle…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Sam Nelson

Given any unoriented link diagram, a group of new knot invariants are constructed. Each of them satisfies a generalized 4 term skein relation. The coefficients of each invariant is from a commutative ring. Homomorphisms and representations…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-04-14 Zhiqing Yang , Jifu Xiao

In order to construct a representation of the tangle category one needs an enhanced R-matrix. In this paper we define a sufficient and necessary condition for enhancement that can be checked easily for any R-matrix. If the R-matrix can be…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Marco Arien Mackaay

Computation of polynomial relative invariants is a classical tool in algebra. Relative differential invariants are central for the equivalence problem of geometric structures. We address the fundamental problem of finite generation of their…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Boris Kruglikov , Eivind Schneider

We study decomposable N^d-indexed persistence modules via higher dimensional partitions. Their barcodes are defined in terms of the extended interior of the corresponding Young diagrams. For two decomposable N^d-indexed persistence modules,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Mehdi Nategh , Zhenbo Qin , Shuguang Wang

A group invariant for links in thickened closed orientable surfaces is studied. Associated polynomial invariants are defined. The group detects nontriviality of a virtual link and determines its virtual genus.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-01 J. Scott Carter , Daniel S. Silver , Susan G. Williams

The column group is a subgroup of the symmetric group on the elements of a finite blackboard birack generated by the column permutations in the birack matrix. We use subgroups of the column group associated to birack homomorphisms to define…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-07-14 Johanna Hennig , Sam Nelson

We construct an infinite commutative lattice of groups whose dual spaces give Kauffman finite-type invariants of long virtual knots. The lattice is based "horizontally" upon the Polyak algebra and extended "vertically" using Manturov's…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-04-01 Micah W. Chrisman

This paper generalizes the bordered-algebraic knot invariant introduced in an earlier paper, giving an invariant now with more algebraic structure. It also introduces signs to define these invariants with integral coefficients. We describe…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-02-14 Peter S. Ozsvath , Zoltan Szabo

We introduce a new infinite family of enhancements of the biquandle homset invariant called biquandle arrow weights. These invariants assign weights in an abelian group to intersections of arrows in a Gauss diagram representing a classical…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Sam Nelson , Migiwa Sakurai

In this paper we announce the existence of a family of new $2$-variable polynomial invariants for oriented classical links defined via a Markov trace on the Yokonuma-Hecke algebra of type $A$. Yokonuma-Hecke algebras are generalizations of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-06-09 Maria Chlouveraki , Jesus Juyumaya , Konstantinos Karvounis , Sofia Lambropoulou