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As 5G networks expand into critical infrastructure, secure and efficient user authentication is more important than ever. The 5G-AKA protocol, standardized by 3GPP in TS 33.501, is central to authentication in current 5G deployments. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Nazatul H. Sultan , Xinlong Guan , Josef Pieprzyk , Wei Ni , Sharif Abuadbba , Hajime Suzuki

Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) is a type of security protocol, used in 3GPP mobile networks, that provides two security capabilities. The first capability, called authentication, is to cryptographically assert that a mobile phone or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Prajwol Kumar Nakarmi

5G enables digital innovation by integrating diverse services, making security especially primary authentication crucial. Two standardized protocols, 5G AKA and EAP AKA', handle authentication for 3GPP and non 3GPP devices. However, 5G AKA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yongho Ko , I Wayan Adi Juliawan Pawana , Ilsun You

Unlike current closed systems such as 2nd and 3rd generations where the core network is controlled by a sole network operator, multiple network operators will coexist and manage the core network in Next Generation Networks (NGNs). This open…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-10 Mahdi Aiash , Glenford Mapp , Aboubaker Lasebae

The standardized Authentication and Key Agreement protocol for 5G networks (5G AKA) have several security and privacy vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel authentication and key agreement protocol for 5G and beyond that is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mohamed Taoufiq Damir , Tommi Meskanen , Sara Ramezanian , Valtteri Niemi

The growing popularity of multimedia applications, pervasive connectivity, higher bandwidth, and euphoric technology penetration among the bulk of the human race that happens to be cellular technology users, has fueled the adaptation to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Rajakumar Arul , Gunasekaran Raja , Ali Kashif Bashir , Junaid Chaudry , Amjad Ali

Mobile communication networks connect much of the world's population. The security of users' calls, SMSs, and mobile data depends on the guarantees provided by the Authenticated Key Exchange protocols used. For the next-generation network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-13 David Basin , Jannik Dreier , Lucca Hirschi , Saša Radomirović , Ralf Sasse , Vincent Stettler

The next generation wireless standard, called Fifth Generation (5G), is being designed to encompass Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) architectures consisting of a single holistic network with Multiple Radio Access Technologies (Multi-RAT).…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-14 M. Shahwaiz Afaqui , Cristina Cano , Vincent Kotzsch , Clemens Felber , Walter Nitzold

Millions of devices are going to participate in 5G producing a huge space for security threats. The 5G specification goals require rigid and robust security protocol against such threats. Quantum cryptography is a recently emerged term in…

As 5G networks gain traction in defense applications, ensuring the privacy and integrity of the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol is critical. While 5G AKA improves upon previous generations by concealing subscriber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 I. D. Lutz , A. M. Hill , M. C. Valenti

We present a computational security analysis of the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocols for both Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). This work constitutes the first security analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Joe-Kai Tsay , Stig Mjølsnes

This paper presents a novel pre-shared key (PSK) agreement scheme to establish a secure connection between a Wi-Fi client and access point (AP) without prior knowledge of a password. The standard IEEE 802.11 security method, Robust Security…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Seokseong Jeon , Chansu Yu , Young-Joo Suh

To meet the diverse needs of users, the rapid advancement of cloud-edge-device collaboration has become a standard practice. However, this complex environment, particularly in untrusted (non-collaborative) scenarios, presents numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kexian Liu , Jianfeng Guan , Xiaolong Hu , Jing Zhang , Jianli Liu , Hongke Zhang

Future mobile networks will exploit unlicensed spectrum to boost capacity and meet growing user demands cost-effectively. The 3GPP has recently defined a Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) scheme to enable global Unlicensed LTE (U-LTE)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Andres Garcia-Saavedra , Paul Patras , Victor Valls , Xavier Costa-Perez , Douglas J. Leith

The adoption of FIDO2 authentication by major tech companies in web applications has grown significantly in recent years. However, we argue FIDO2 has broader potential applications. In this paper, we introduce EAP-FIDO, a novel Extensible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Martiño Rivera-Dourado , Christos Xenakis , Alejandro Pazos , Jose Vázquez-Naya

The fifth generation of the telecommunication networks (5G) established the service-oriented paradigm on the mobile networks. In this new context, the 5G Core component has become extremely flexible so, in addition to serving mobile…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Leonardo Azalim de Oliveira , Edelberto Franco Silva

We study the 5G-AKA authentication protocol described in the 5G mobile communication standards. This version of AKA tries to achieve a better privacy than the 3G and 4G versions through the use of asymmetric randomized encryption.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Adrien Koutsos

The commitment-based AKE model provides a formal security framework for key exchange protocols that avoid long-term cryptographic material, achieving authentication through a final out-of-band verification of session-derived values. Within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Rodrigo Martín Sánchez-Ledesma

The widespread use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that are consisted of resource-constrained sensor nodes in communication with gateways in open-space environments and industries has highlighted the need for a secure yet fast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sina Baghbanijam , Hanie Sanaei , Mahdi Farajzadeh

Combing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and wireless communication technologies has become one of the major technologies trends towards 2030. This includes using AI to improve the efficiency of the wireless transmission and supporting AI…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chen Sun , Tao Cui , Wenqi Zhang , Yingshuang Bai , Shuo Wang , Haojin Li
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