Related papers: Calculus of Variations on Time Scales and Discrete…

In a space of 4-dimensions, I will examine constrained variational problems in which the Lagrangian, and constraint scalar density, are concomitants of a (pseudo-Riemannian) metric tensor and its first two derivatives. The Lagrange…

It is the aim of this work to identify and illustrate the potential and weaknesses of the computer algebra system Maple in the area of the Calculus of Variations: a classical area of mathematics that studies the methods for finding maximum…

We develop a geometric version of the inverse problem of the calculus of variations for discrete mechanics and constrained discrete mechanics. The geometric approach consists of using suitable Lagrangian and isotropic submanifolds. We also…

If a Lagrangian defining a variational problem has order $k$ then its Euler-Lagrange equations generically have order $2k$. This paper considers the case where the Euler-Lagrange equations have order strictly less than $2k$, and shows that…

We study a linear-quadratic optimal control problem involving a parabolic equation with fractional diffusion and Caputo fractional time derivative of orders $s \in (0,1)$ and $\gamma \in (0,1]$, respectively. The spatial fractional…

In this paper we present an algorithm to find the discrete Lagrangian for an autonomous recurrence relation of arbitrary even order $2k$ with $k>1$. The method is based on the existence of a set of differential operators called annihilation…

By one of the most fundamental principles in physics, a dynamical system will exhibit those motions which extremise an action functional. This leads to the formation of the Euler-Lagrange equations, which serve as a model of how the system…

For fractional derivatives and time-fractional differential equations, we construct a framework on the basis of the operator theory in fractional Sobolev spaces. Our framework provides a feasible extension of the classical Caputo and the…

We offer a theoretical mathematical background through Lagrangian optimization on the unit hyperspherical manifold and its tangential collection with application to the Transformer and its token space. Our methods are catered to the…

We introduce a fractional theory of the calculus of variations for multiple integrals. Our approach uses the recent notions of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives and integrals in the sense of Jumarie. Main results provide fractional…

We study higher--order variational derivatives of a generic second--order Lagrangian ${\cal L}={\cal L}(x,\phi,\partial\phi,\partial^2\phi)$ and in this context we discuss the Jacobi equation ensuing from the second variation of the action.…

The classical fields with fractional derivatives are investigated by using the fractional Lagrangian formulation.The fractional Euler-Lagrange equations were obtained and two examples were studied.

Many physical, biological, and engineered systems exhibit memory effects that challenge Markovian models. Fractional calculus provides nonlocal operators to capture hereditary dynamics. This survey connects modeling, analysis, and…

We consider optimal control problems, where the control appears in the main part of the operator. We derive the Pontryagin maximum principle as a necessary optimality condition. The proof uses the concept of topological derivatives. In…

In this paper we present explicit bounds for optimal control in a Lagrange problem without end-point constraints. The approach we use is due to Gamkrelidze and is based on the equivalence of the Lagrange problem and a time-optimal problem…

We prove a Noether's theorem for fractional variational problems with Riesz-Caputo derivatives. Both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations are obtained. Illustrative examples in the fractional context of the calculus of variations and…

This paper studies a time optimal control problem with control constraints of the rectangular type for the linear multi-input time-varying ordinary differential equations. The aims of this study are to establish certain necessary and…

We consider the calculation of Euler--Lagrange systems of ordinary difference equations, including the difference Noether's Theorem, in the light of the recently-developed calculus of difference invariants and discrete moving frames. We…

This work focuses on numerical solutions of optimal control problems. A time discretization error representation is derived for the approximation of the associated value function. It concerns Symplectic Euler solutions of the Hamiltonian…

This letter investigates the Lie point symmetries and conserved quantities of the Lagrangian systems on time scales, which unify the Lie symmetries of the two cases for the continuous and the discrete Lagrangian systems. By defining the…