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This paper is a commentary on presentations at ISVHECRI 2016 related to cosmic rays, gamma rays and neutrinos. Its goal is to highlight the unanswered questions raised during the conference about the sources of these cosmic particles and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-29 Thomas Gaisser

The understanding of the nature of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is one of the most intriguing open questions for current and future observatories. These particles are expected to be accelerated in extragalactic sources. Because of their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-28 Mariangela Settimo

The physics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays will be reviewed, discussing the latest experimental results and theoretical models aiming at explaining the observations in terms of spectra, mass composition and possible sources. It will be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Roberto Aloisio

Direct techniques for cosmic ray observations have reached an unprecedented level of precision, unveiling fine-details of the energy spectra. I will introduce the evidence for new spectral features which has been accumulated by new…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-15 Pasquale D. Serpico

We review progress in high-energy cosmic ray physics focusing on recent experimental results and models developed for their interpretation. Emphasis is put on the propagation of charged cosmic rays, covering the whole range from $\sim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-16 M. Kachelriess , D. V. Semikoz

I discuss the recent exciting results of discovery of TeV photons from several galactic and extragalactic sources, and highlight some objectives of VHE gamma ray astronomy that can be achieved in the near future by means of new generation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. A. Aharonian

The study of high energy cosmic rays is a diversified field of observational and phenomenological physics addressing questions ranging from shock acceleration of charged particles in various astrophysical objects, via transport properties…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Karl-Heinz Kampert

We briefly review sources of cosmic rays, their composition and spectra as well as their propagation in the galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields, both regular and fluctuating. A special attention is paid to the recent results of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-05-09 Felix Aharonian , Andrei Bykov , Etienne Parizot , Vladimir Ptuskin , Alan Watson

Research in cosmic rays is now nearly a century old, but most of the fundamental questions in this field remain unanswered, on the other hand the perspectives of future studies in the next decade are very bright. New detectors will provide…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Paolo Lipari

We briefly review the status of cosmic ray studies between $10^{14}$ eV and the highest observed energies, namely a few times $10^{20}$ eV. Because of the rather low incident fluxes in this energy range, the studies mostly rely on ground…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Murat Boratav , Alan A. Watson

The present status of high energy cosmic ray interaction models is discussed, concentrating on recent model updates inspired by the data from Run 1 of the LHC. A special attention is devoted to the remaining differences in the model…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-02 Sergey Ostapchenko

This is a review of the most resent results from the investigation of the Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays, particles of energy exceeding 10$^{18}$ eV. After a general introduction to the topic and a brief review of the lower energy cosmic rays…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Antoine Letessier-Selvon , Todor Stanev

Over the last third of the century, a few tens of events, detected by ground-based cosmic ray detectors, have opened a new window in the field of high-energy astrophysics. These events have macroscopic energies, unobserved sources, an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Xavier Bertou , Murat Boratav , Antoine Letessier-Selvon

Cosmic rays have been observed up to energies $10^8$ times larger than those of the best particle accelerators. Studies of astrophysical particles (hadrons, neutrinos and photons) at their highest observed energies have implications for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. W. Stecker

The most important underground detectors addressing Cosmic Ray physics are described, with a special emphasis on the description of the used technology.

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-07-19 E. Scapparone

This article is the rapporteur's summary of the cosmic ray indirect sessions of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Nagoya, Japan. The rapporteur highlights cosmic ray indirect observatories around the world, and reviews a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-01 Toshihiro Fujii

Recent results, the present status and the perspectives of high energy gamma-ray astronomy are described. Since the satellite observations by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and its precursor missions have been reviewed extensively,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Heinrich J. Völk

This paper presents a brief review of the current status of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray observations and discusses nearby starburst-like galaxies as their possible origin.

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Diego F. Torres , Luis A. Anchordoqui

The present status of anisotropy studies for the highest energy cosmic rays is presented including the first full sky survey. Directions and prospects for the future are also discussed in light of new statistical methods and the last…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-09 John Swain

Here we discuss the latest developments in the debate, where the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray particles come from. In this brief review, we emphasize the predictions that necessarily follow from the various concepts proposed. We discuss both…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Peter L. Biermann , Gustavo Medina-Tanco