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We introduce weighted finite finance automata (WFFA), a formal framework for modeling and analyzing quantitative properties of financial systems driven by uncertain economic variables such as stock prices, interest rates, and exchange…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Manfred Droste , Vitaly Nürnberg

The Kleene theorem establishes a fundamental link between automata and expressions over the free monoid. Numerous generalisations of this result exist in the literature. Lifting this result to a weighted setting has been widely studied.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Nicolas Baudru , Louis-Marie Dando , Nathan Lhote , Benjamin Monmege , Pierre-Alain Reynier , Jean-Marc Talbot

There are many types of automata and grammar models that have been studied in the literature, and for these models, it is common to determine whether certain problems are decidable. One problem that has been difficult to answer throughout…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

Probabilistic automata are an extension of nondeterministic finite automata in which transitions are annotated with probabilities. Despite its simplicity, this model is very expressive and many of the associated algorithmic questions are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Cristian Riveros , James Worrell

The bandwidth of a timed language characterizes the quantity of information per time unit (with a finite observation precision $\varepsilon$). Obese timed automata have an unbounded frequency of events and produce information at the maximal…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Eugene Asarin , Aldric Degorre , Catalin Dima , Bernardo Jacobo Inclán

We define a new class of languages of $\omega$-words, strictly extending $\omega$-regular languages. One way to present this new class is by a type of regular expressions. The new expressions are an extension of $\omega$-regular expressions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mikołaj Bojańczyk , Thomas Colcombet

In weighted automata theory, many classical results on formal languages have been extended into a quantitative setting. Here, we investigate weighted context-free languages of infinite words, a generalization of $\omega$-context-free…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Manfred Droste , Sven Dziadek , Werner Kuich

Symbolic automata are finite state automata that support potentially infinite alphabets, such as the set of rational numbers, generally applied to regular expressions/languages over finite words. In symbolic automata (or automata modulo…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Margus Veanes , Thomas Ball , Gabriel Ebner , Olli Saarikivi

Weighted automata over the nonnegative reals form a fundamental model for quantitative languages. We show that, up to scaling, this model collapses to probabilistic automata. Concretely, we prove that every weighted automaton whose…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Smayan Agarwal , Aalok Thakkar

Jumping automata are finite automata that read their input in a non-sequential manner, by allowing a reading head to ``jump'' between positions on the input, consuming a permutation of the input word. We argue that allowing the head to jump…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Shaull Almagor , Neta Dafni , Ishai Salgado

A new class of languages of infinite words is introduced, called the max-regular languages, extending the class of $\omega$-regular languages. The class has two equivalent descriptions: in terms of automata (a type of deterministic counter…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-09 Mikolaj Bojanczyk

Reversible weighted automata are introduced and considered in a specific setting where the weights are taken from a nontrivial locally finite commutative ring such as a finite field. It is shown that the supports of series realised by such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Peter Kostolányi , Andrej Ravinger

Positive data languages are languages over an infinite alphabet closed under possibly non-injective renamings of data values. Informally, they model properties of data words expressible by assertions about equality, but not inequality, of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Florian Frank , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

We present the first study of non-deterministic weighted automata under probabilistic semantics. In this semantics words are random events, generated by a Markov chain, and functions computed by weighted automata are random variables. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Jakub Michaliszyn , Jan Otop

We present counting reward automata-a finite state machine variant capable of modelling any reward function expressible as a formal language. Unlike previous approaches, which are limited to the expression of tasks as regular languages, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Tristan Bester , Benjamin Rosman , Steven James , Geraud Nangue Tasse

Weighted automata (WA) are an important formalism to describe quantitative properties. Obtaining equivalent deterministic machines is a longstanding research problem. In this paper we consider WA with a set semantics, meaning that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Laure Daviaud , Ismael Jecker , Pierre-Alain Reynier , Didier Villevalois

In this paper, we investigate the expressive power and the algorithmic properties of weighted expressions, which define functions from finite words to integers. First, we consider a slight extension of an expression formalism, introduced by…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Emmanuel Filiot , Nicolas Mazzocchi , Jean-François Raskin

A featured transition system is a transition system in which the transitions are annotated with feature expressions: Boolean expressions on a finite number of given features. Depending on its feature expression, each individual transition…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Uli Fahrenberg , Axel Legay

Indexed languages are a classical notion in formal language theory, which has attracted attention in recent decades due to its role in higher-order model checking: They are precisely the languages accepted by order-2 pushdown automata. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Richard Mandel , Corto Mascle , Georg Zetzsche

Quantitative automata model beyond-boolean aspects of systems: every execution is mapped to a real number by incorporating weighted transitions and value functions that generalize acceptance conditions of boolean $\omega$-automata. Despite…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Marek Chalupa , Thomas A. Henzinger , Nicolas Mazzocchi , N. Ege Saraç