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Consider a non-standard numeration system like the one built over the Fibonacci sequence where nonnegative integers are represented by words over $\{0,1\}$ without two consecutive 1. Given a set $X$ of integers such that the language of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-06 J. Bell , E. Charlier , A. S. Fraenkel , M. Rigo

By the sometimes so-called 'Main Theorem' of Recursive Analysis, every computable real function is necessarily continuous. We wonder whether and which kinds of HYPERcomputation allow for the effective evaluation of also discontinuous…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-05-10 Martin Ziegler

We discuss how the likely 2018 redefinition of the SI system of units might affect the ability of students to understand the link between the units and the new system. The likely redefinition will no longer define a set of base units, but…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-11-17 Neil M. Zimmerman , David B. Newell

Frontier LLMs are increasingly utilised across academia, society and industry. A commonly used unit for comparing models, their inputs and outputs, and estimating inference pricing is the token. In general, tokens are used as a stable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jonathan Roberts , Kai Han , Samuel Albanie

If the non-zero finite floating-point numbers are interpreted as point intervals, then the effect of rounding can be interpreted as computing one of the bounds of the result according to interval arithmetic. We give an interval…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2008-10-24 W. W. Edmonson , M. H. van Emden

This paper examines the completion of an w-ordered sequence of recursive definitions which on the one hand defines an increasing sequence of nested set and on the other redefines successively a numeric variable as the cardinal of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-01-30 Antonio Leon

We contemplate the notion of ambiguity in mathematical discourse. We consider a general method of resolving ambiguity and semantic options for sustaining a resolution. The general discussion is applied to the case of `fraction' which is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jan A Bergstra , John V Tucker

The article demonstrates that logic is not necessarily singleton and does not always have the standard interpretation of negation. Appropriate generalizations of logic are suggested. Positive logic and multivalued negation operations are…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Volodymyr M. Zhuravlov

We propose a reinterpretation of the continuum grounded in the stratified structure of definability rather than classical cardinality. In this framework, a real number is not an abstract point on the number line, but an object expressible…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Stanislav Semenov

Many people have proposed definitions of `weak n-category'. Ten of them are presented here. Each definition is given in two pages, with a further two pages on what happens when n = 0, 1, or 2. The definitions can be read independently.…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-02-04 Tom Leinster

We consider symbolic flows over finite alphabets and study certain kinds of repetitions in these sequences. Positive and negative results for the existence of such repetitions are given for codings of interval exchange transformations and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-08-19 Michael Boshernitzan , David Damanik

We explore the issue of providing a foundational framework for Leibnizian infinitesimals in the light of modern standard and nonstandard approaches. We outline a trichotomy of ordinals, cardinals and ringinals as a historiographic tool. A…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Vladimir Kanovei , Mikhail G. Katz , Taras Kudryk , Karl Kuhlemann

We introduce the concept of a prenormed model of a particular kind of finitary single-sorted first-order theories, interpreted over a category with finite products. These are referred to as prealgebraic theories, for the fact that their…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-06 Salvatore Tringali

We study the cardinality of classes of equational theories (varieties) and logics by applying descriptive set theory. We affirmatively solve open problems raised by Jackson and Lee [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 370 (2018), pp. 4785-4812] regarding…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Juan P. Aguilera , Nick Bezhanishvili , Tenyo Takahashi

We investigate the theory of finite observables, i.e., resolutions of the finite-dimensional identity by means of positive operators, that have a physical interpretation in terms of measurement schemes. We focus on extremal and rank-one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-01 Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt

This article exemplifies a novel approach to the teaching of introductory differential calculus using the modern notion of ``infinitesimal'' as opposed to the traditional approach using the notion of ``limit''. I illustrate the power of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jack L. Uretsky

A sequential pattern with negation, or negative sequential pattern, takes the form of a sequential pattern for which the negation symbol may be used in front of some of the pattern's itemsets. Intuitively, such a pattern occurs in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Thomas Guyet

This work is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of boundary value problems defined on semi-infinite intervals. These kinds of problems seldom admit exactly known solutions and, therefore, the theoretical information on their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Riccardo Fazio

We study relative precompleteness in the context of the theory of numberings, and relate this to a notion of lowness. We introduce a notion of divisibility for numberings, and use it to show that for the class of divisible numberings,…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Anton Golov , Sebastiaan A. Terwijn

This paper presents a non-interleaving denotational semantics for the ?-calculus. The basic idea is to define a notion of test where the outcome is not only whether a given process passes a given test, but also in how many different ways it…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-06-23 Emmanuel Beffara