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The neural Willmore flow of a closed oriented $2$-surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is introduced as a natural evolution process to minimise the Willmore energy, which is the squared $L^2$-norm of mean curvature. Neural architectures are used to…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Edward Hirst , Henrique N. Sá Earp , Tomás S. R. Silva

This work investigates the formation of singularities under the steepest descent $L^2$-gradient flow of the functional $\mathcal W_{\lambda_1, \lambda_2}$, the sum of the Willmore energy, $\lambda_1$ times the area, and $\lambda_2$ times…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-07-06 Simon Blatt

We prove that a sequence of possibly branched, weak immersions of the two-sphere $S^2$ into an arbitrary compact riemannian manifold $(M^m,h)$ with uniformly bounded area and uniformly bounded $L^2-$norm of the second fundamental form…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-11-24 Andrea Mondino , Tristan Rivière

We provide sharp sufficient criteria for an integral $2$-varifold to be induced by a $W^{2,2}$-conformal immersion of a smooth surface. Our approach is based on a fine analysis of the Hausdorff density for $2$-varifolds with critical…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Fabian Rupp , Christian Scharrer

In this paper we show that locally there exists a Willmore deformation between minimal surfaces in $S^{n+2}$ and minimal surfaces in $H^{n+2}$, i.e., there exists a smooth family of Willmore surfaces $\{y_t,t\in[0,1]\}$ such that…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Changping Wang , Peng Wang

This is the second of a series of two papers where we construct embedded Willmore tori with small area constraint in Riemannian three-manifolds. In both papers the construction relies on a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction, the difficulty being…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-05-08 Norihisa Ikoma , Andrea Malchiodi , Andrea Mondino

We consider the class of all conformal mappings from a compact Riemann surface into the threedimensional or fourdimensional Euclidean space. A sequence in this class with bounded Willmore functional is shown to have a sequence of conformal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Ulrich Schmidt

In this paper we provide a systematic treatment of Willmore surfaces with orientation reversing symmetries and illustrate the theory by (old and new) examples. We apply our theory to isotropic Willmore two-spheres in $S^4$ and derive a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Josef F. Dorfmeister , Peng Wang

We obtain in arbitrary codimension a removability result on the order of singularity of Willmore surfaces realising the width of Willmore min-max problems on spheres. As a consequence, out of the twelve families of non-planar minimal…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Alexis Michelat , Tristan Rivière

The Poisson problem consists in finding an immersed surface $\Sigma\subset\mathbb{R}^m$ minimising Germain's elastic energy (known as Willmore energy in geometry) with prescribed boundary, boundary Gauss map and area which constitutes a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Francesca Da Lio , Francesco Palmurella , Tristan Rivière

It is well-known that the Willmore flow of closed spherical immersions exists globally in time and converges if the initial datum has Willmore energy below $8\pi$ - exactly the Li-Yau energy threshold below which all closed immersions are…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-19 Manuel Schlierf

In this paper we build an explicit example of a minimal bubble on a Willmore surface, showing there cannot be compactness for Willmore immersions of Willmore energy above $16 \pi$. Additionnally we prove an inequality on the second residue…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-02-20 Nicolas Marque

We study complete minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with finite total curvature and embedded planar ends. After conformal compactification via inversion, these yield examples of surfaces stationary for the Willmore bending energy…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Jonas Hirsch , Rob Kusner , Elena Mäder-Baumdicker

We consider obstacle problems for the Willmore functional in the class of graphs of functions and surfaces of revolution with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove the existence of minimisers of the obstacle problems under the assumption…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Hans-Christoph Grunau , Shinya Okabe

We introduce a family of variational functionals for spinor fields on a compact Riemann surface $M$ that can be used to find close-to-conformal immersions of $M$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$ in a prescribed regular homotopy class. Numerical…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Albert Chern , Felix Knöppel , Franz Pedit , Ulrich Pinkall , Peter Schröder

In this paper we show a quantitative rigidity result for the minimizer of the Willmore functional among all projective planes in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $n\ge 4$. We also construct an explicit counterexample to a corresponding rigidity result…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-08 Tobias Lamm , Reiner M. Schätzle

In this paper we study the steepest descent $L^2$-gradient flow of the functional $\SW_{\lambda_1,\lambda_2}$, which is the the sum of the Willmore energy, $\lambda_1$-weighted surface area, and $\lambda_2$-weighted enclosed volume, for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-01-24 James McCoy , Glen Wheeler

Given two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds $\mathcal{M},\mathcal{N}$, we prove a lower bound on the distortion of embeddings $\mathcal{M} \to \mathcal{N}$, in terms of the areas' discrepancy $V_{\mathcal{N}}/V_{\mathcal{M}}$, for a certain…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-06-30 Asaf Shachar

Following earlier work of Loftin-McIntosh, we study minimal Lagrangian immersions of the universal cover of a closed surface (of genus at least 2) into CH2, with prescribed data of a conformal structure plus a holomorphic cubic…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-01-20 Zheng Huang , John Loftin , Marcello Lucia

The Canham-Helfrich-Evans models of biomembranes consist of a family of geometric constrained variational problems. In this article, we compare two classes of numerical methods for these variational problems based on piecewise linear (PL)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Jingmin Chen , Thomas Yu , Patrick Brogan , Robert Kusner , Yilin Yang , Andrew Zigerelli