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The principle of least action provides a holistic worldview in which nature in its entirety and every detail is pictured in terms of actions. Each and every action is ultimately composed of one or multiples of the most elementary action…

General Physics · Physics 2011-10-27 Arto Annila

The principle of least action, a fundamental principle in variational mechanics with broad applicability to classical physical systems, is employed to formulate a novel attrition model for combat dynamics. This formulation extends the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-18 Wei Liang , Han Hu , Lijie Sun , Pingxing Chen , Ming Zhong

The connection between the Hamilton and the standard Lagrange formalism is established for a generic Quantum Field Theory with vanishing vacuum expectation values of the fundamental fields. The Effective Actions in both formalisms are the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Selym Villalba-Chavez , Reinhard Alkofer , Kai Schwenzer

A "minimal" generalization of Quantum Mechanics is proposed, where the Lagrangian or the action functional is a mapping from the (classical) states of a system to the Lie algebra of a general compact Lie group, and the wave function takes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yu Tian

When generalizing the principle of least action for fields containing higher order derivatives, in general, it is not possible not to take into account the surface integrated term since it gives direct contribution to the forms of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-07-29 Nguyen Duc Minh

Despite the importance of the variational principles of physics, there have been relatively few attempts to consider them for a realistic framework. In addition to the old teleological question, this paper continues the recent discussion…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-03-28 Vladislav Terekhovich

We present the principle of virtual action as a foundation of continuum mechanics. Used mainly in relativity, the method has a useful application in classical mechanics and places the notion of action as the basic concept of dynamics. The…

Classical Physics · Physics 2024-04-01 Henri Gouin

Relativistic systems of particles interacting pairwise at a distance (interactions not mediated by fields) in flat spacetime are studied. It is assumed that the interactions propagate at the speed of light in vacuum and that all masses are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Domingo J. Louis-Martinez

The principle of least action seems not to lead to equations describing the motion consistent with the physical behaviour, for non-holonomic constraints. Here, a response is proposed for this fundamental problem in Mathematical Physics.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-04-10 Umberto Lucia , Giulia Grisolia

The aim of the present text is twofold: to provide a compendium of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian geometries and to introduce and investigate new analytical Mechanics: Finslerian, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian. The fundamental equations (or…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Radu Miron

A simple procedure is presented to study the conservation of energy equation with dissipation in continuum mechanics in 1D. This procedure is used to transform this nonlinear evolution-diffusion equation into a hyperbolic PDE; specifically,…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Hamid A Said

Hamilton's principle does not formally apply to systems whose boundary conditions lie outside configuration space, but extensions are possible using certain "natural" boundary conditions that allow action extremization. With the single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-14 K. B. Wharton

In this paper a new approach is proposed to quantize mechanical systems whose equations of motion can not be put into Hamiltonian form. This approach is based on a new type of variational principle, which is adopted to a describe a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-04-04 Tianshu Luo , Yimu Guo

With this paper, a consistent and comprehensive treatise on the foundations of the extended Hamilton-Lagrange formalism will be presented. In this formalism, the system's dynamics is parametrized along a system evolution parameter $s$, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-15 Jürgen Struckmeier

The four (electro-magnetic, weak, strong and gravitational) interactions are described by singular Lagrangians and by Dirac-Bergmann theory of Hamiltonian constraints. As a consequence a subset of the original configuration variables are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Luca Lusanna

The Hamilton principle is a variation principle describing the isolated and conservative systems, its Lagrange function is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy. By Feynman path integration, we can obtain the Hermitian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Xiang-Yao Wu , Ben-Shan Wu , Meng Han , Ming-Li Ren , Heng-Mei Li , Hong-Chun Yuan , Hong Li , Si-Qi Zhang

It is shown that for a relativistic particle moving in an electromagnetic field its equations of motion written in a form of the second law of Newton can be reduced with the help of elementary operations to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Granik

As is well known, in order for the Einstein--Hilbert action to have a well defined variation, and therefore to be used for deriving field equation through the stationary action principle, it has to be amended by the addition of a suitable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas P. Sotiriou , Stefano Liberati

We consider a single particle tunnelling in a tight-binding model with nearest-neighbour couplings, in the presence of a periodic high-frequency force. An effective Hamiltonian for the particle is derived using an averaging method…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-02-07 A. P. Itin , A. I. Neishtadt

It is most common to construct the Hamiltonian function and Hamilton's canonical equations through a Legendre transformation of the Lagrangean function or through the central equation. These common perspectives, however, seem abstract and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-10-21 John E. Hurtado