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This article provides an introduction to surface code quantum computing. We first estimate the size and speed of a surface code quantum computer. We then introduce the concept of the stabilizer, using two qubits, and extend this concept to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-30 Austin G. Fowler , Matteo Mariantoni , John M. Martinis , Andrew N. Cleland

Quantum computing is an emerging technology that has the potential to achieve exponential speedups over their classical counterparts. To achieve quantum advantage, quantum principles are being applied to fields such as communications,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Arijit Mondal , Keshab K. Parhi

Classical coding theory contains several techniques to obtain new codes from other codes, including puncturing and shortening. For quantum codes, a form of puncturing is known, but its description is based on the code space rather than its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jaron Skovsted Gundersen , René Bødker Christensen , Markus Grassl , Petar Popovski , Rafał Wisniewski

Due to their fast decoding algorithms, quantum generalizations of low-density parity check, or LDPC, codes have been investigated as a solution to the problem of decoherence in fragile quantum states. However, the additional twisted inner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-04 Jacob Farinholt

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-17 Daniel Gottesman

Generalized Bicycle (GB) codes offer a compelling alternative to surface codes for quantum error correction. This paper focuses on (2,2)-Generalized Bicycle codes, constructed from pairs of binary circulant matrices with two non-zero…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-30 François Arnault , Philippe Gaborit , Nicolas Saussay

The stabilizer code is the most general algebraic construction of quantum error-correcting codes proposed so far. A stabilizer code can be constructed from a self-orthogonal subspace of a symplectic space over a finite field. We propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-13 Ryutaroh Matsumoto

Generalized bicycle (GB) codes have emerged as a promising class of quantum error-correcting codes with practical decoding capabilities. While numerous asymptotically good quantum codes and quantum low-density parity-check code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Olai Å. Mostad , Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes , De-Shih Lee , Ching-Yi Lai

Quantum error correction codes (QECCs) play a central role in both quantum communications and quantum computation. Practical quantum error correction codes, such as stabilizer codes, are generally structured to suit a specific use, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Diogo Cruz , Francisco A. Monteiro , Bruno C. Coutinho

Quantum error-correction codes (QECCs) are a vital ingredient of quantum computation and communication systems. In that context it is highly desirable to design QECCs that can be represented by graphical models which possess a structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-24 Pascal O. Vontobel

We introduce a novel type of quantum error correcting code, called the spinor code, based on spaces defined by total spin. The code is a nonstabilizer code, and is also a nonlinear quantum error correcting code, meaning that quantum…

Let $p$ be an odd prime and $r,s,m$ be positive integers. In this study, we initiate our exploration by delving into the intricate structure of all repeated-root cyclic codes and their duals with a length of $2^rp^s$ over the finite field…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Lanqiang Li , Ziwen Cao , Tingting Wu , Li Liu

We give a construction of quantum LDPC codes of dimension $\Theta(\log N)$ and distance $\Theta(N/\log N)$ as the code length $N\to\infty$. Using a product of chain complexes this construction also provides a family of quantum LDPC codes of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Pavel Panteleev , Gleb Kalachev

BCH codes are an important class of cyclic codes, and have wide applicantions in communication and storage systems. However, it is difficult to determine the parameters of BCH codes and only a few cases are known. In this paper, we mainly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Yanhui Zhang

Cyclic codes are an important subclass of linear codes and have wide applications in data storage systems, communication systems and consumer electronics. In this paper, two families of optimal ternary cyclic codes are presented. The first…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-09-06 Nian Li , Chunlei Li , Tor Helleseth , Cunsheng Ding , Xiaohu Tang

We present the bicycle architecture, a modular quantum computing framework based on high-rate, low-overhead quantum LDPC codes identified in prior work. For two specific bivariate bicycle codes with distances 12 and 18, we construct…

One of the main problems in quantum information systems is the presence of errors due to noise, and for this reason quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) play a key role. While most of the known codes are designed for correcting generic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-12 Marco Chiani , Lorenzo Valentini

Quantum computing is deemed to require error correction at scale to mitigate physical noise by reducing it to lower noise levels while operating on encoded logical qubits. Popular quantum error correction schemes include CSS code, of which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Ming Wang , Frank Mueller

One central theme in quantum error-correction is to construct quantum codes that have a large minimum distance. In this paper, we first present a construction of classical codes based on certain class of polynomials. Through these classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-06 Tao Zhang , Gennian Ge