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A simple derivation of the bound on entropy is given and the holographic principle is discussed. We estimate the number of quantum states inside space region on the base of uncertainty relation. The result is compared with the Bekenstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 M. G. Ivanov , I. V. Volovich

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann's equation $S=\log{\cal N}$, hence represents almost all the accessible phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Erik Aurell , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki

In the context of Born-Infeld gravity theories we report the existence of a regular black hole interior representing a spherically symmetric vacuum solution of the theory. It reduces to the Schwarzschild interior metric in the weak field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-30 Christian G. Boehmer , Franco Fiorini

In this short essay we review the arguments showing that black hole entropy is, at least in part, ``entanglement entropy", i.e., missing information contained in correlations between quantum field fluctuations inside and outside the event…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Ted Jacobson

We aim to establish the holographic principle as a universal law, rather than a property only of static systems and special space-times. Our covariant formalism yields an upper bound on entropy which applies to both open and closed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-04-15 Raphael Bousso

The basic assumption of the induced gravity approach is that Einstein theory is an effective, low energy-form of a quantum theory of constituents. In this approach the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S^{BH} of a black hole can be interpreted as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 D. V. Fursaev

To ask a question about a black hole in quantum gravity, one must restrict initial or boundary data to ensure that a black hole is actually present. For two-dimensional dilaton gravity, and probably a much wider class of theories, I show…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

We suggest that holography can be formulated in terms of the information capacity of the St\"uckelberg degrees of freedom that maintain gauge invariance of the theory in the presence of an information boundary. These St\"uckelbergs act as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-02 Gia Dvali , Cesar Gomez , Nico Wintergerst

In LQG, black hole horizons are described by 2+1 dimensional boundaries of a bulk 3+1 dimensional spacetime. The horizon is endowed with area by lines of gravitational flux which pierce the surface. As is well known, counting of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-17 Deepak Vaid

We conjecture the following entropy bound to be valid in all space-times admitted by Einstein's equation: Let A be the area of any two-dimensional surface. Let L be a hypersurface generated by surface-orthogonal null geodesics with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 Raphael Bousso

A key test of any quantum theory of gravity is its ability to reproduce the known thermodynamic properties of black holes. A statistical mechanical description of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy once seemed remote, but today we suffer an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Steven Carlip

We advocate for a holographic definition of thermodynamic pressure and volume for black holes based on quasi-local gravitational thermodynamics. When a black hole is enclosed by a finite timelike boundary, York's quasi-local first law…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-22 Silvester Borsboom , Manus R. Visser

We provide general arguments regarding the connection between low-energy theories (gravity and quantum field theory) and a hypothetical fundamental theory of quantum gravity, under the assumptions of (i) validity of the holographic bound…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 Giovanni Acquaviva , Alfredo Iorio , Martin Scholtz

We propose a novel solution for the endpoint of gravitational collapse, in which spacetime ends (and is orbifolded) at a microscopic distance from black hole event horizons. This model is motivated by the emergence of singular event…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-12-03 Mehdi Saravani , Niayesh Afshordi , Robert B. Mann

Black hole physics currently lacks a fully coherent understanding of the black hole mass (density), entropy, and interior (non-)singularity. These concepts are related to the black hole radius, area (of the horizon), and volume (within the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-20 Arno Keppens , Lester Kurvers

Beginning with Bekenstein, many authors have considered a uniformly spaced discrete quantum spectrum for black hole horizon area. It is also believed that the huge degeneracy of these area levels corresponds to the notion of black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Gilad Gour

In the paper it is demonstrated that the Schwarzschild black-hole quantum entropy computed within the scope of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle has a nonzero minimum under the assumption that for a radius of the black hole the lower…

General Physics · Physics 2013-03-07 Ya. V. Dydyshka , A. E. Shalyt-Margolin

A quantum Schwarzschild black hole is described, at the mini super spacetime level, by a non-singular wave packet composed of plane wave eigenstates of the momentum Dirac-conjugate to the mass operator. The entropy of the mass spectrum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-11 Aharon Davidson , Ben Yellin

The holographic principle is tested by examining the logarithmic and higher order corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes. For the BTZ black hole, I find some disagreement in the principle for a holography screen at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Mu-In Park

To ask a question about a black hole in quantum gravity, one must restrict initial or boundary data to ensure that a black hole is actually present. For two-dimensional dilaton gravity, and probably a much wider class of theories as well,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Carlip