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Real complex systems are not rigidly structured; no clear rules or blueprints exist for their construction. Yet, amidst their apparent randomness, complex structural properties universally emerge. We propose that an important class of…

Many complex systems--from social and communication networks to biological networks and the Internet--are thought to exhibit scale-free structure. However, prevailing explanations rely on the constant addition of new nodes, an assumption…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-11-10 Christopher W. Lynn , Caroline M. Holmes , Stephanie E. Palmer

The network properties of a graph ensemble subject to the constraints imposed by the expected degree sequence are studied. It is found that the linear preferential attachment is a fundamental rule, as it keeps the maximal entropy in sparse…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-13 Xinping Xu , Feng Liu , Lianshou Liu

The organizational development of growing random networks is investigated. These growing networks are built by adding nodes successively and linking each to an earlier node of degree k with attachment probability A_k. When A_k grows slower…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 P. L. Krapivsky , S. Redner

Growing network models can potentially be a useful tool in the development of economic theory. This work introduces an "opportunistic attachment" mechanism where incoming nodes, in deciding where to join a network, consider features of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-21 Carolina ES Mattsson

We consider an evolving preferential attachment random graph model where at discrete times a new node is attached to an old node, selected with probability proportional to a superlinear function of its degree. For such schemes, it is known…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-04-20 Sunder Sethuraman , Shankar C. Venkataramani

We consider robustness and percolation properties of the networks of networks, in which random nodes in different individual networks (layers) can be interdependent. We explore the emergence of the giant mutually connected component,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-11-18 Ginestra Bianconi , Sergey N. Dorogovtsev

The availability of large scale streaming network data has reinforced the ubiquity of power-law distributions in observations and enabled precision measurements of the distribution parameters. The increased accuracy of these measurements…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-23 Pat Devlin , Jeremy Kepner , Ashley Luo , Erin Meger

We describe the emergence of the giant mutually connected component in networks of networks in which each node has a single replica node in any layer and can be interdependent only on its replica nodes in the interdependent layers. We prove…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-18 Ginestra Bianconi , Sergey N. Dorogovtsev , José F. F. Mendes

Preferential attachment --- by which new nodes attach to existing nodes with probability proportional to the existing nodes' degree --- has become the standard growth model for scale-free networks, where the asymptotic probability of a node…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-11-12 Michael Small , Yingying Li , Thomas Stemler , Kevin Judd

We introduce a new type of preferential attachment tree that includes choices in its evolution, like with Achlioptas processes. At each step in the growth of the graph, a new vertex is introduced. Two possible neighbor vertices are selected…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-18 Yury Malyshkin , Elliot Paquette

We propose a model of a growing network, in which preferential linking is combined with partial inheritance of connectivity (number of incoming links) of individual nodes by new ones. The nontrivial version of this model is solved exactly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. N. Dorogovtsev , J. F. F. Mendes , A. N. Samukhin

We consider bond percolation on random graphs with given degrees and bounded average degree. In particular, we consider the order of the largest component after the random deletion of the edges of such a random graph. We give a rough…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Nikolaos Fountoulakis , Felix Joos , Guillem Perarnau

Mechanistic models can provide an intuitive and interpretable explanation of network growth by specifying a set of generative rules. These rules can be defined by domain knowledge about real-world mechanisms governing network growth or may…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Maxwell H Wang , Till Hoffmann , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

Let $\mathcal{T}_n$ be the set of all mappings $T:[n]\to[n]$, where $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The corresponding graph $G_T$ of $T$, called a functional digraph, is a union of disjoint connected components. Each component is a directed cycle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Ljuben Mutafchiev , Steven Finch

In this paper, we adopt a latent variable method to formulate a network model with arbitrarily dependent structure. We assume that the latent variables follow a multivariate normal distribution and a link between two nodes forms if the sum…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-28 Ting Yan

In interdependent networks, it is usually assumed, based on percolation theory, that nodes become nonfunctional if they lose connection to the network giant component. However, in reality, some nodes, equipped with alternative resources,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-07-05 Xin Yuan , Yanqing Hu , H. Eugene Stanley , Shlomo Havlin

In 2004, Frieze, Krivelevich and Martin [17] established the emergence of a giant component in random subgraphs of pseudo-random graphs. We study several typical properties of the giant component, most notably its expansion characteristics.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Sahar Diskin , Michael Krivelevich

A key ingredient of current models proposed to capture the topological evolution of complex networks is the hypothesis that highly connected nodes increase their connectivity faster than their less connected peers, a phenomenon called…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Jeong , Z. Neda , A. -L. Barabasi

The largest eigenvalue of a network's adjacency matrix and its associated principal eigenvector are key elements for determining the topological structure and the properties of dynamical processes mediated by it. We present a physically…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-31 Claudio Castellano , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras
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