Related papers: Note on the classical solutions of Friedmann's equ…
The problem of time of quantum gravity has been argued to make canonical approaches unsatisfactory. In this article I study how it affects quantum cosmology and reach the same conclusion. The advantage of studying the cosmological case is…
The age of the universe is obtained in a subset of Cardassian models by using WMAP data. Cardassian expansion is a modification to the Friedmann equation that allows the universe to be flat, matter dominated, and accelerating, without a…
In this paper we describe the evolution of the Universe in terms of the Friedmann equation, which takes into account of the composition and geometry of the Universe. The dependence of the solution on the geometry and composition for…
In this article I study how the problem of time of canonical approaches to quantum gravity affects the simple minisuperspace models used in quantum cosmology. I follow some authors who have argued that this issue makes the quantization of…
As the universe expands astronomical observables such as brightness and angular size on the sky change in ways that differ from our simple Cartesian expectation. We show how observed quantities depend on the expansion of space and…
A new equation for the density contrast is derived in the framework of reexamined Newtonian cosmology taken into account adiabatic matter creation in the universe. The age of the universe and the reach of the non linear regime of the…
The apparent cosmological conflict between the age of the Universe, predicted in the standard Friedman cosmology by using the recent measurement of the larger Hubble constant from a direct calibration of the distance to the Virgo galaxy…
Friedmans cosmological equations for the scale factor are analyzed for the Universe containing dark energy. The parameter of the equation of state of the dark energy is treated as an arbitrary constant whose value lies within the interval…
We look for exact solutions in scalar field cosmology. To achieve this we use $f(R)$ modified gravity with a scalar field and do not specify the the form of the $f(R)$ function. In particular, we study Friedmann universe assuming that…
Recent studies on the phenomenology of ageing in certain many-particle systems which are at a critical point of their non-equilibrium steady-states, are reviewed. Examples include the contact process, the parity-conserving…
In this review, we present some fundamental classical and quantum phenomena in view of time fractional formalism. Time fractional formalism is a very useful tool in describing systems with memory and delay. We hope that this study can…
The cosmological term is assumed to be a function of time such as $\Lambda =Ba^{-2}$ where a(t) means the scale factor of standard cosmology. Analytical solutions for radiation dominated epoch and open universe are found. For closed…
An intrinsic time of homogeneous models is global. The Friedmann equation by its sense ties time intervals. Exact solutions of the Friedmann equation in Standard cosmology and Conformal cosmology are presented. Theoretical curves…
In this paper we study the corrections to the Friedmann equations due to fast fluctuations of the universe scale factor. Such fast quantum fluctuations were recently proposed as a potential solution of the cosmological constant problem.…
From the principles of quantum cosmologies we can justify the reason for an inverse-square law for the cosmological constant with no conflict with observations. Although this general expression for $\Lambda$ is well known in the literature,…
The Einstein equations of general relativity reduce, when the spacetime metric is of the Friedmann--Lemaitre--Robertson--Walker type governing an isotropic and homogeneous universe, to the Friedmann equations, which is a set of nonlinear…
Unimodular quantum cosmology admits wavepacket solutions that evolve according to a kind of Schr\"odinger equation. Though this theory is equivalent to general relativity on the classical level, its canonical structure is different and the…
We study the quantum cosmology of a flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker universe filled with a (free) massless scalar field and a perfect fluid that represents radiation or a cosmological constant whose value is not fixed by the…
The classical and quantum models of the Friedmann universe originally filled with a scalar field and radiation have been studied. The radiation has been used to specify a reference frame that makes it possible to remove ambiguities in…
We propose a scale-dependent cosmology in which the Robertson--Walker metric and the Einstein equation are modified in such a way that $\Omega_0$, $H_0$ and the age of the Universe all become scale-dependent. Its implications on the…