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A graph is odd if all of its vertices have odd degrees. In particular, an odd spanning tree in a connected graph is a spanning tree in which all vertices have odd degrees. In this paper we establish a unified technique to enumerate odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu

We prove that every connected graph with $s$ vertices of degree~1 and 3 and $t$ vertices of degree at least~4 has a spanning tree with at least ${1\over 3}t +{1\over 4}s+{3\over 2}$ leaves. We present infinite series of graphs showing that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-29 Dmitri Karpov

We prove infinitely many cases of conjectured sharp upper and lower bounds for the spanning tree entropy of any planar lattice graph. These bounds come from volumes of associated hyperbolic alternating links, right-angled hyperbolic…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-05-12 Abhijit Champanerkar , Ilya Kofman

Cayley's formula states that there are $n^{n-2}$ spanning trees in the complete graph on $n$ vertices; it has been proved in more than a dozen different ways over its 150 year history. The complete graphs are a special case of threshold…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-09 Stephen R. Chestnut , Donniell E. Fishkind

We give a Cayley type formula to count the number of spanning trees in the complete r-uniform hypergraph for all r >= 3. Similar to the bijection between spanning trees in complete graphs and Parking functions, we derive a bijection from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sivaramakrishnan Sivasubramanian

We give closed form expressions for the numbers of multi-rooted plane trees with specified degrees of root vertices. This results in an infinite number of integer sequences some of which are known to have an alternative interpretation. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Anwar Al Ghabra , K. Gopala Krishna , Patrick Labelle , Vasilisa Shramchenko

Let be given a graph $G=(V,E)$ whose edge set is partitioned into a set $R$ of \emph{red} edges and a set $B$ of \emph{blue} edges, and assume that red edges are weighted and form a spanning tree of $G$. Then, the \emph{Stackelberg Minimum…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-07 Davide Bilò , Luciano Gualà , Stefano Leucci , Guido Proietti

In this paper we study the theories of the infinite-branching tree and the $r$-regular tree, and show that both of them are pseudofinite. Moreover, we show that they can be realized by infinite ultraproducts of polynomial exact classes of…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Darío García , Melissa Robles

The aim of this chapter is to provide an adequate graph theoretic framework for the description of periodic bifurcations which have recently been discovered in descendant trees of finite p-groups. The graph theoretic concepts of rooted…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-30 Daniel C. Mayer

We consider a Gibbs distribution over all spanning trees of an undirected, edge weighted finite graph, where, up to normalization, the probability of each tree is given by the product of its edge weights. Defining the weighted degree of a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Enrique Fita Sanmartín , Christoph Schnörr , Fred A. Hamprecht

A theoretical framework is established for explicitly calculating rigid kernels of self-similar regular branch groups. This is applied to a new infinite family of branch groups in order to provide the first examples of self-similar, branch…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Alejandra Garrido , Zoran Šunić

We investigate the structure of connected graphs, not necessarily locally finite, with infinitely many ends. On the one hand we study end-transitive such graphs and on the other hand we study such graphs with the property that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-19 Matthias Hamann

We introduce and study the general problem of finding a most "scale-free-like" spanning tree of a connected graph. It is motivated by a particular problem in epidemiology, and may be useful in studies of various dynamical processes in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-12 Yury Orlovich , Kirill Kukharenko , Volker Kaibel , Pavel Skums

We give two combinatorial proofs of an elegant product formula for the number of spanning trees of the $n$-dimensional hypercube. The first proof is based on the assertion that if one chooses a uniformly random rooted spanning tree of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-13 Olivier Bernardi

In this work, we study the color discrepancy of spanning trees in random graphs. We show that for the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $G(n,p)$ with $p$ above the connectivity threshold, the following holds with high probability: in every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Wenchong Chen , Xiao-Chuan Liu , Xu Yang

Let $d \geq 3$ be a fixed integer. We give an asympotic formula for the expected number of spanning trees in a uniformly random $d$-regular graph with $n$ vertices. (The asymptotics are as $n\to\infty$, restricted to even $n$ if $d$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Catherine Greenhill , Matthew Kwan , David Wind

Using the theory of electrical network, we first obtain a simple formula for the number of spanning trees of a complete bipartite graph containing a certain matching or a certain tree. Then we apply the effective resistance (i.e.,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-04 Jun Ge , Fengming Dong

We study questions inspired by Erd\H os' celebrated distance problems with dot products in lieu of distances, and for more than a single pair of points. In particular, we study point configurations present in large finite point sets in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Aaron Autry , Slade Gunter , Christopher Housholder , Steven Senger

We give combinatorial criteria for predicting the transcendental weight of Feynman integrals of certain graphs in $\phi^4$ theory. By studying spanning forest polynomials, we obtain operations on graphs which are weight-preserving, and a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-01-17 Francis Brown , Karen Yeats

We determine the sharp threshold for the containment of all $n$-vertex trees of bounded degree in random geometric graphs with $n$ vertices. This provides a geometric counterpart of Montgomery's threshold result for binomial random graphs,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Michael Anastos , Sahar Diskin , Dawid Ignasiak , Lyuben Lichev , Yetong Sha
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