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We investigate novel random graph embeddings that can be computed in expected polynomial time and that are able to distinguish all non-isomorphic graphs in expectation. Previous graph embeddings have limited expressiveness and either cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Pascal Welke , Maximilian Thiessen , Fabian Jogl , Thomas Gärtner

The Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) algorithms form a family of incomplete approaches to the graph isomorphism problem. They recently found various applications in algorithmic group theory and machine learning. In fact, the algorithms form a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Thomas Schneider , Pascal Schweitzer

We show that the problem to decide whether two (convex) polytopes, given by their vertex-facet incidences, are combinatorially isomorphic is graph isomorphism complete, even for simple or simplicial polytopes. On the other hand, we give a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Volker Kaibel , Alexander Schwartz

We investigate the computational complexity of the graph primality testing problem with respect to the direct product (also known as Kronecker, cardinal or tensor product). In [1] Imrich proves that both primality testing and a unique prime…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Luca Calderoni , Luciano Margara , Moreno Marzolla

We introduce the framework of Deep Weisfeiler Leman algorithms (DeepWL), which allows the design of purely combinatorial graph isomorphism tests that are more powerful than the well-known Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm. We prove that, as an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Martin Grohe , Pascal Schweitzer , Daniel Wiebking

In this paper we present an efficiently scaling quantum algorithm which finds the size of the maximum common edge subgraph for a pair of arbitrary graphs and thus provides a meaningful measure of graph similarity. The algorithm makes use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 M. Chiew , K. de Lacy , C. H. Yu , S. Marsh , J. B. Wang

We show that the Graph Isomorphism (GI) problem and the related problems of String Isomorphism (under group action) (SI) and Coset Intersection (CI) can be solved in quasipolynomial ($\exp((\log n)^{O(1)})$) time. The best previous bound…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-20 László Babai

We propose a simple and efficient local algorithm for graph isomorphism which succeeds for a large class of sparse graphs. This algorithm produces a low-depth canonical labeling, which is a labeling of the vertices of the graph that…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-20 Julia Gaudio , Miklós Z. Rácz , Anirudh Sridhar

For a positive integer $k$, a $k$-colouring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a mapping $c: V\rightarrow\{1,2,...,k\}$ such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ whenever $uv\in E$. The Colouring problem is to decide, for a given $G$ and $k$, whether a $k$-colouring…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Petr A. Golovach , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma , Jian Song

How to design fair and (computationally) efficient voting rules is a central challenge in Computational Social Choice. In this paper, we aim at designing efficient algorithms for computing most equitable rules for large classes of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lirong Xia

We revisit existing linear computation coding (LCC) algorithms, and introduce a new framework that measures the computational cost of computing multidimensional linear functions, not only in terms of the number of additions, but also with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hans Rosenberger , Ali Bereyhi , Ralf R. Müller

We continue research into a well-studied family of problems that ask whether the vertices of a graph can be partitioned into sets $A$ and~$B$, where $A$ is an independent set and $B$ induces a graph from some specified graph class ${\cal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Marthe Bonamy , Konrad K. Dabrowski , Carl Feghali , Matthew Johnson , Daniel Paulusma

The AHU-algorithm solves the computationally difficult graph isomorphism problem for rooted trees, and does so with a linear time complexity. Although the AHU-algorithm has remained state of the art for almost 50 years, it has been…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Anna Lindeberg

We study the identity testing problem in the context of spin systems or undirected graphical models, where it takes the following form: given the parameter specification of the model $M$ and a sampling oracle for the distribution…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Ivona Bezakova , Antonio Blanca , Zongchen Chen , Daniel Štefankovič , Eric Vigoda

We study a variant of the subgraph isomorphism problem that is of high interest to the quantum computing community. Our results give an algorithm to perform pattern matching in quantum circuits for many patterns simultaneously,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Luca Mondada , Pablo Andrés-Martínez

Soient donn\'es deux graphes $\Gamma_1$, $\Gamma_2$ \`a $n$ sommets. Sont-ils isomorphes? S'ils le sont, l'ensemble des isomorphismes de $\Gamma_1$ \`a $\Gamma_2$ peut \^etre identifi\'e avec une classe $H \pi$ du groupe sym\'etrique sur…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-13 Harald Andrés Helfgott

We present the first linear time complexity randomized algorithms for unbiased approximation of the celebrated family of general random walk kernels (RWKs) for sparse graphs. This includes both labelled and unlabelled instances. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Krzysztof Choromanski , Isaac Reid , Arijit Sehanobish , Avinava Dubey

Graph homomorphism has been studied intensively. Given an m x m symmetric matrix A, the graph homomorphism function is defined as \[Z_A (G) = \sum_{f:V->[m]} \prod_{(u,v)\in E} A_{f(u),f(v)}, \] where G = (V,E) is any undirected graph. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Xi Chen , Pinyan Lu

The Euler genus of a graph is a fundamental and well-studied parameter in graph theory and topology. Computing it has been shown to be NP-hard by [Thomassen '89 & '93], and it is known to be fixed-parameter tractable. However, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-04 Chandra Chekuri , Anastasios Sidiropoulos

A typical problem in optimal design theory is finding an experimental design that is optimal with respect to some criteria in a class of designs. The most popular criteria include the A- and D-criteria. Regular graph designs occur in many…

Computation · Statistics 2015-04-20 Sera Aylin Cakiroglu