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Maximal clique enumeration is a fundamental graph mining task, but its utility is often limited by computational intractability and highly redundant output. To address these challenges, we introduce \emph{$\rho$-dense aggregators}, a novel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Noga Alon , Sabyasachi Basu , Shweta Jain , Haim Kaplan , Jakub Łącki , Blair D. Sullivan

A planar orthogonal drawing {\Gamma} of a connected planar graph G is a geometric representation of G such that the vertices are drawn as distinct points of the plane, the edges are drawn as chains of horizontal and vertical segments, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Walter Didimo , Giuseppe Liotta , Giacomo Ortali , Maurizio Patrignani

We investigate the number of maximal cliques, i.e., cliques that are not contained in any larger clique, in three network models: Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs, inhomogeneous random graphs (also called Chung-Lu graphs), and geometric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Thomas Bläsius , Maximillian Katzmann , Clara Stegehuis

Let $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{D}$ be hereditary graph classes. Consider the following problem: given a graph $G\in\mathcal{D}$, find a largest, in terms of the number of vertices, induced subgraph of $G$ that belongs to $\mathcal{C}$. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Jana Novotná , Karolina Okrasa , Michał Pilipczuk , Paweł Rzążewski , Erik Jan van Leeuwen , Bartosz Walczak

We give a fully dynamic deterministic algorithm for maintaining a maximal matching of an $n$-vertex graph in $\tilde{O}(n^{8/9})$ amortized update time. This breaks the long-standing $\Omega(n)$-update-time barrier on dense graphs,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Aaron Bernstein , Sayan Bhattacharya , Peter Kiss , Thatchaphol Saranurak

Hyperbolic random graphs inherit many properties that are present in real-world networks. The hyperbolic geometry imposes a scale-free network with a strong clustering coefficient. Other properties like a giant component, the small world…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Samuel Baguley , Yannic Maus , Janosch Ruff , George Skretas

We introduce a dense counterpart of graph degeneracy, which extends the recently-proposed invariant symmetric difference. We say that a graph has sd-degeneracy (for symmetric-difference degeneracy) at most $d$ if it admits an elimination…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Édouard Bonnet , Julien Duron , John Sylvester , Viktor Zamaraev

Let $n(k_1, k_2)$ be the least integer $n$ such that there exists a graph on $n$ vertices in which every vertex is contained in both a clique of size $k_1$ and an independent set of size $k_2$. Recently, Feige and Pauzner showed that ${n(k,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Veronica Bitonti , Emma Hogan , Tommy Walker Mackay

The maximum clique problem is a well known NP-Hard problem with applications in data mining, network analysis, information retrieval and many other areas related to the World Wide Web. There exist several algorithms for the problem with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Bharath Pattabiraman , Md. Mostofa Ali Patwary , Assefaw H. Gebremedhin , Wei-keng Liao , Alok Choudhary

A $k$-defective clique is a relaxation of the traditional clique definition, allowing up to $k$ missing edges. This relaxation is crucial in various real-world applications such as link prediction, community detection, and social network…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jihoon Jang , Yehyun Nam , Kunsoo Park , Hyunjoon Kim

There is substantial literature dealing with fixed parameter algorithms for the dominating set problem on various families of graphs. In this paper, we give a $k^{O(dk)} n$ time algorithm for finding a dominating set of size at most $k$ in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Noga Alon , Shai Gutner

We prove that every graph of minimum degree at least $d \ge 1$ contains a subdivision of some maximal 3-degenerate graph of order $d+1$. This generalizes the classic results of Dirac ($d=3$) and Pelik\'an ($d=4$). We conjecture that for any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-15 Ajit A. Diwan

We consider the problem of identifying a maximum clique in a given graph. We have proposed a mathematical model for this problem. The model resembles the matrix decomposition of the adjacency matrix of a given graph. The objective function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Salma Omer , Montaz Ali

The concept of $k$-defective clique, a relaxation of clique by allowing up-to $k$ missing edges, has been receiving increasing interests recently. Although the problem of finding the maximum $k$-defective clique is NP-hard, several…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Lijun Chang

We prove asymptotically optimal bounds on the number of edges a graph $G$ must have in order that any $r$-colouring of $E(G)$ has a colour class which contains every $D$-degenerate graph on $n$ vertices with bounded maximum degree. We also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Peter Allen , Julia Böttcher

Given a graph, a $k$-plex is a set of vertices in which each vertex is not adjacent to at most $k-1$ other vertices in the set. The maximum $k$-plex problem, which asks for the largest $k$-plex from the given graph, is an important but…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Zhengren Wang , Yi Zhou , Chunyu Luo , Mingyu Xiao , Jin-Kao Hao

The maximal clique problem, to find the maximally sized clique in a given graph, is classically an NP-complete computational problem, which has potential applications ranging from electrical engineering, computational chemistry,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Weng-Long Chang , Qi Yu , Zhaokai Li , Jiahui Chen , Xinhua Peng , Mang Feng

Understanding how a vertex relates to a set of vertices is a fundamental task in graph analysis. Given a graph $G$ and a vertex set $X \subseteq V(G)$, consider the collection of subsets of the form $N(u) \cap X$ where $u$ ranges over all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Christine Awofeso , Pål Grønås Drange , Patrick Greaves , Oded Lachish , Felix Reidl

How many cliques can a graph on $n$ vertices have with a forbidden substructure? Extremal problems of this sort have been studied for a long time. This paper studies the maximum possible number of cliques in a graph on $n$ vertices with a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-09 Jacob Fox , Fan Wei

We show that if $G$ is a graph on $n$ vertices, with all degrees comparable to some $d = d(n)$, and without a sparse cut, for a suitably chosen notion of sparseness, then it contains a complete minor of order \[ \Omega\left( \sqrt{\frac{n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-01 Michael Krivelevich , Rajko Nenadov