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Plausibility is a formalization of exact tests for parametric models and generalizes procedures such as Fisher's exact test. The resulting tests are based on cumulative probabilities of the probability density function and evaluate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-13 Stefan Böhringer , Dietmar Lohmann

Programming languages with countable nondeterministic choice are computationally interesting since countable nondeterminism arises when modeling fairness for concurrent systems. Because countable choice introduces non-continuous behaviour,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Lars Birkedal , Aleš Bizjak , Jan Schwinghammer

We present a propositional logic %which can be used to reason about the uncertainty of events, where the uncertainty is modeled by a set of probability measures assigning an interval of probability to each event. We give a sound and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

Currently, there is a gap between the tools used by probability theorists and those used in formal reasoning about probabilistic programs. On the one hand, a probability theorist decomposes probabilistic state along the simple and natural…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-30 John M. Li , Jon Aytac , Philip Johnson-Freyd , Amal Ahmed , Steven Holtzen

We theoretically introduce and experimentally demonstrate the realization of a nonclassicality test that allows for arbitrarily low detection efficiency without invoking any extra assumptions as independence of the devices. Our test and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 A. Hameedi , B. Marques , P. Mironowicz , D. Saha , M. Pawlowski , M. Bourennane

For many real time applications, it is important to validate the information received from the sensors before entering higher levels of reasoning. This paper presents an any time probabilistic algorithm for validating the information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Pablo H. Ibarguengoytia , Luis Enrique Sucar , Sunil Vadera

Programs increasingly rely on randomization in applications such as cryptography and machine learning. Analyzing randomized programs has been a fruitful research direction, but there is a gap when programs also exploit nondeterminism (for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Noam Zilberstein , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva , Joseph Tassarotti

This article reviews a class of adaptive group testing procedures that operate under a probabilistic model assumption as follows. Consider a set of $N$ items, where item $i$ has the probability $p$ ($p_i$ in the generalized group testing)…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-19 Yaakov Malinovsky , Paul S. Albert

In stochastic thermodynamics, the entropy production of a thermodynamic system is defined by the irreversibility measured by the logarithm of the ratio of the path probabilities in the forward and reverse processes. We derive the relation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-14 Hyun-Myung Chun , Jae Dong Noh

Existing formalisms for the algebraic specification and representation of networks of reversible agents suffer some shortcomings. Despite multiple attempts, reversible declensions of the Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) do not offer…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Clément Aubert , Doriana Medić

Irreversible behaviour is traditionally associated with open stochastic dynamical systems, but an asymmetry in the probabilistic specification of a closed deterministic system can similarly lead to a disparity between the likelihoods of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-03 Claudia L. Clarke , Ian J. Ford

Probability-like parameters appearing in some statistical models, and their prior distributions, are reinterpreted through the notion of `circumstance', a term which stands for any piece of knowledge that is useful in assigning a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. G. L. Porta Mana , A. Månsson , G. Björk

There are many evaluation strategies for term rewrite systems, but automatically proving termination or analyzing complexity is usually easiest for innermost rewriting. Several syntactic criteria exist when innermost termination implies…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jan-Christoph Kassing , Jürgen Giesl

Test takers do not give equally reliable responses. They take different responding strategies and they do not make the same effort to solve the problem and answer the question correctly. The consequences of differential test takers'…

Physics Education · Physics 2009-01-29 Srdjan Verbic , Boris Tomic

We consider the problem of designing typed concurrent calculi with non-deterministic choice in which types leverage linearity for controlling resources, thereby ensuring strong correctness properties for processes. This problem is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Bas van den Heuvel , Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho , Joseph W. N. Paulus , Jorge A. Pérez

We consider the problem of estimating the density $\Pi$ of a determinantal process $N$ from the observation of $n$ independent copies of it. We use an aggregation procedure based on robust testing to build our estimator. We establish…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-15 Yannick Baraud

Reliability analysis is a sub-field of uncertainty quantification that assesses the probability of a system performing as intended under various uncertainties. Traditionally, this analysis relies on deterministic models, where experiments…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-19 Anderson V. Pires , Maliki Moustapha , Stefano Marelli , Bruno Sudret

It is often claimed that the fundamental laws of physics are deterministic and time-symmetric and that therefore our experience of the passage of time is an illusion. This paper will critically discuss these claims and show that they are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Barbara Drossel

Sensitivity analysis of biochemical reactions aims at quantifying the dependence of the reaction dynamics on the reaction rates. The computation of the parameter sensitivities, however, poses many computational challenges when taking…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-07 Vo Hong Thanh , Roberto Zunino , Corrado Priami

We report an inconsistency found in probability theory (also referred to as measure-theoretic probability). For probability measures induced by real-valued random variables, we deduce an "equality" such that one side of the "equality" is a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-03-01 Guang-Liang Li , Victor O. K. Li