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This paper takes a different approach to evaluating face-offs in ice hockey. Instead of looking at win percentages, the de facto measure of successful face-off takers for decades, focuses on the game events following the face-off and how…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-08 Nick Czuzoj-Shulman , David Yu , Christopher Boucher , Luke Bornn , Mehrsan Javan

We present here a simple mathematical model that provides a successful strategy, quantitatively, to ending the continued championship futility experienced by Canadian Hockey Teams. Competitive Intransitivity is used here as a simple…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-06-18 C. J. Barrett , S. Koumarianos , O. Mermut

Scientifically evaluating soccer players represents a challenging Machine Learning problem. Unfortunately, most existing answers have very opaque algorithm training procedures; relevant data are scarcely accessible and almost impossible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Paul Garnier , Théophane Gregoir

In soccer, game context can result in skewing offensive statistics in ways that might misrepresent how well a team has played. For instance, in England's 1-2 loss to France in the 2022 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal, England attempted…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-07 Andrey Skripnikov , Ahmet Cemek , David Gillman

Soccer analysis tools emphasize metrics such as expected goals, leading to an overrepresentation of attacking players' contributions and overlooking players who facilitate ball control and link attacks. Examples include Rodri from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jacky Hao Jiang , Jerry Cai , Anastasios Kyrillidis

In this paper, a new continuous scoring system for soccer is proposed, based on the proportion of time that a team is winning, losing or tied. Several simulations are made applying this technique to complete seasons of different leagues. As…

Applications · Statistics 2018-03-22 Manuel Cruz , Sandra Ramos , Miguel Pinho

In this article we revise the football's performance score called PlayeRank, designed and evaluated by Pappalardo et al.\ in 2019. First, we analyze the weights extracted from the Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) that solves the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Louise Schmidt , Cristian Lillo , Javier Bustos

Accurately estimating human skill levels is crucial for designing effective human-AI interactions so that AI can provide appropriate challenges or guidance. In games where AI players have beaten top human professionals, strength estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Kyota Kuboki , Tatsuyoshi Ogawa , Chu-Hsuan Hsueh , Shi-Jim Yen , Kokolo Ikeda

To take sample biases and skewness in the observations into account, practitioners frequently weight their observations according to some marginal distribution. The present paper demonstrates that such weighting can indeed improve the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-05 Tobias Niebuhr , Mathias Trabs

We present a unified, data-driven framework for quantifying and enhancing offensive momentum and scoring likelihood (expected goals, xG) in professional hockey. Leveraging a Sportlogiq dataset of 541,000 NHL event records, our end-to-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Daniel Griffiths , Piper Moskow

A team of association football players may be envisioned as a directed network with player nodes and weighted pass edges. Such a simplistic representation of an otherwise complex structure yields several benefits, but also permits the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Vid Stropnik , Vuk Đuranović , Maruša Oražem

Originally devised for baseball, the Pythagorean Won-Loss formula estimates the percentage of games a team should have won at a particular point in a season. For decades, this formula had no mathematical justification. In 2006, Steven…

Applications · Statistics 2013-10-21 Kevin D. Dayaratna , Steven J. Miller

The National Basketball Association(NBA) has expanded their data gathering and have heavily invested in new technologies to gather advanced performance metrics on players. This expanded data set allows analysts to use unique performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Neil Seward

Anticipating defensive coverage schemes is a crucial yet challenging task for offenses in American football. Because defenders' assignments are intentionally disguised before the snap, they remain difficult to recognize in real time. To…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-12 Rouven Michels , Robert Bajons , Jan-Ole Fischer

The ubiquity of professional sports and specifically the NFL have lead to an increase in popularity for Fantasy Football. Users have many tools at their disposal: statistics, predictions, rankings of experts and even recommendations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-27 Roman Lutz

Evaluating sports players based on their performance shares core challenges with evaluating healthcare providers based on patient outcomes. Drawing on recent advances in healthcare provider profiling, we cast sports player evaluation within…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-27 Herbert P. Susmann , Antonio D'Alessandro

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a Nash equilibrium in a multi-player game over generally connected networks. This model differs from a conventional setting in that players have partial information on the actions of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-10 Farzad Salehisadaghiani , Wei Shi , Lacra Pavel

Professional team sports provide an excellent domain for studying the dynamics of social competitions. These games are constructed with simple, well-defined rules and payoffs that admit a high-dimensional set of possible actions and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-06-17 Leto Peel , Aaron Clauset

Regression adjustment, sometimes known as Controlled-experiment Using Pre-Experiment Data (CUPED), is an important technique in internet experimentation. It decreases the variance of effect size estimates, often cutting confidence interval…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-30 Daniel Ting , Kenneth Hung

Penalties are fraught and game-changing moments in soccer games that teams explicitly prepare for. Consequently, there has been substantial interest in analyzing them in order to provide advice to practitioners. From a data science…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Lotte Bransen , Tim Janssen , Jesse Davis