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The discrete picture of geometry arising from the loop representation of quantum gravity can be extended by a quantum deformation. The operators for area and volume defined in the q-deformation of the theory are partly diagonalized. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Roumen Borissov , Seth Major , Lee Smolin

In loop quantum gravity approach to Planck scale physics, quantum geometry is represented by superposition of the so-called spin network states. In the recent literature, a class of spin networks promising from the perspective of quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-17 Grzegorz Czelusta , Jakub Mielczarek

A spin network is a generalization of a knot or link: a graph embedded in space, with edges labelled by representations of a Lie group, and vertices labelled by intertwining operators. Such objects play an important role in 3-dimensional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-07-27 John C. Baez

We introduce a new basis on the state space of non-perturbative quantum gravity. The states of this basis are linearly independent, are well defined in both the loop representation and the connection representation, and are labeled by a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Carlo Rovelli , Lee Smolin

Loop Quantum Gravity defines the quantum states of space geometry as spin networks and describes their evolution in time. We reformulate spin networks in terms of harmonic oscillators and show how the holographic degrees of freedom of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Florian Girelli , Etera R. Livine

In this article we introduce a new operator representing the three-dimensional scalar curvature in loop quantum gravity. Our construction does not apply to the entire kinematical Hilbert space of loop quantum gravity; instead, the operator…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-02 Jerzy Lewandowski , Ilkka Mäkinen

The evolution of spin network states in loop quantum gravity can be described by introducing a time variable, defined by the surfaces of constant value of an auxiliary scalar field. We regulate the Hamiltonian, generating such an evolution,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Roumen Borissov

We summarize recent developments at the interface of quantum gravity and quantum information, and discuss applications to the quantum geometry of space in loop quantum gravity. In particular, we describe the notions of link entanglement,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-23 Eugenio Bianchi , Etera R. Livine

Given a real-analytic manifold M, a compact connected Lie group G and a principal G-bundle P -> M, there is a canonical `generalized measure' on the space A/G of smooth connections on P modulo gauge transformations. This allows one to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 John C. Baez

Quantum states of geometry in loop quantum gravity are defined as spin networks, which are graph dressed with SU(2) representations. A spin network edge carries a half-integer spin, representing basic quanta of area, and the standard…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 Etera R. Livine

In the model of a fermion field coupled to loop quantum gravity, we consider the Gauss and the Hamiltonian constraints. According to the explicit solutions to the Gauss constraint, the fermion spins and the gravitational spin networks…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-14 Jerzy Lewandowski , Cong Zhang

In this work, we extend the so-called typicality approach, originally formulated in statistical mechanics contexts, to $SU(2)$-invariant spin-network states. Our results do not depend on the physical interpretation of the spin network;…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-02 Fabio Anzà , Goffredo Chirco

In the context of loop quantum gravity, quantum states of geometry are mathematically defined as spin networks living on graphs embedded in the canonical space-like hypersurface. In the effort to study the renormalisation flow of loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 Etera R. Livine

In this article we examine a Hamiltonian constraint operator governing the dynamics of simple quantum states, whose graph consists of a single six-valent vertex, in quantum-reduced loop gravity. To this end, we first derive the action of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Ilkka Mäkinen

Graphical techniques provide a very useful practical device for calculations involving the so-called spin network states, which encode the quantum degrees of freedom of spatial geometry in loop quantum gravity. Graphical calculus of SU(2),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-04 Emanuele Alesci , Ilkka Mäkinen , Jinsong Yang

In the loop quantum gravity framework, spin network states carry entanglement between quantum excitations of the geometry at different space points. This intertwiner entanglement is gauge-invariant and comes from quantum superposition of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-19 Qian Chen , Etera R. Livine

We introduce a class of states characterized by proposed conditions of homogeneity and isotropy in loop quantum gravity and construct concrete examples given by Bell-network states on a special class of homogeneous graphs. Such states…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-29 Bekir Baytas , Nelson Yokomizo

In loop quantum gravity, partitioning graph introduces boundaries and entanglement between spin sub-networks, reflecting non-local degrees of freedom and correlation amongst spatial regions. This gives rise to the view of coarse-graining,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-24 Qian Chen

The dual picture of quantum geometry provided by a spin network state is discussed. From this perspective, we introduce a new operator in Loop Quantum Gravity - the length operator. We describe its quantum geometrical meaning and derive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Eugenio Bianchi

Spin networks in Loop Quantum Gravity are traditionally described by unitary holonomies corresponding to noiseless transformations. In this work, we extend this framework to incorporate general quantum channels that model effects of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-13 Bartosz Grygielski , Jakub Mielczarek