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In this perspective we discuss verification of quantum devices in the context of specific examples, formulated as proposed experiments. Our first example is verification of analog quantum simulators as Hamiltonian learning, where the input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-12 Jose Carrasco , Andreas Elben , Christian Kokail , Barbara Kraus , Peter Zoller

Quantum computers are expected to offer substantial speedups over their classical counterparts and to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. Beyond such practical significance, the concept of quantum computation opens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Stefanie Barz , Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi , Philip Walther

Randomness is intrinsic to quantum mechanics; the outcome of a measurement on a quantum state is a random variable. This feature has been applied to randomness certification, where one party must decide whether the data they receive is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Liam P. McGuinness

Quantum computers promise to efficiently solve not only problems believed to be intractable for classical computers, but also problems for which verifying the solution is also considered intractable. This raises the question of how one can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-10 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Elham Kashefi

Maximum-likelihood estimation is applied to identification of an unknown quantum mechanical process represented by a ``black box''. In contrast to linear reconstruction schemes the proposed approach always yields physically sensible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jaromir Fiurasek , Zdenek Hradil

Performing a quantum measurement yields two different results: a classical outcome drawn from a probability distribution, according to Born's rule, and a quantum outcome corresponding to the post-measurement state. Quantum devices that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Andrés Muñoz-Moller , Leevi Leppäjärvi , Teiko Heinosaari

With recent progress on experimental quantum information processing, an important question has arisen as to whether it is possible to verify arbitrary computation performed on a quantum processor. A number of protocols have been proposed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-27 Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Michal Hajdušek

Quantum tomography is the main method used to assess the quality of quantum information processing devices, but its complexity presents a major obstacle for the characterization of even moderately large systems. The number of experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Marcus P. da Silva , Olivier Landon-Cardinal , David Poulin

We present a method to test quantum behavior of quantum information processing devices, such as quantum memories, teleportation devices, channels and quantum key distribution protocols. The test of quantum behavior can be phrased as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-07 Hauke Häseler , Tobias Moroder , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Suppose one wants to certify that a quantum channel is not entanglement-breaking. I consider all four combinations of trusted and untrusted devices at the input and output of the channel, finding that the most interesting is a trusted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-31 Matthew F. Pusey

Quantum technologies hold the promise of not only faster algorithmic processing of data, via quantum computation, but also of more secure communications, in the form of quantum cryptography. In recent years, a number of protocols have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-01 Joseph F. Fitzsimons

The goal of quantum benchmarking is to certify that imperfect quantum communication devices (e.g., quantum channels, quantum memories, quantum key distribution systems) can still be used for meaningful quantum communication. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-28 Nathan Killoran , Mahdi Hosseini , Ben C. Buchler , Ping Koy Lam , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

Self-testing--the attractive possibility to infer the underlying physics of a quantum device in a black-box scenario--has gained increased traction in recent years, with applications to device-independent quantum information processing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Moisés Bermejo Morán , Ravishankar Ramanathan

Quantum state discrimination depicts the general progress of extracting classical information from quantum systems. We show that quantum state discrimination can be realized in a device-independent scenario using tools of self-testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Xinyu Qiu , Lin Chen

To effectively utilize quantum incompatibility as a resource in quantum information processing, it is crucial to evaluate how incompatible a set of devices is. In this study, we propose an ordering to compare incompatibility and reveal its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Kensei Torii , Ryo Takakura , Ryotaro Imamura

We initiate the systematic study of experimental quantum physics from the perspective of computational complexity. To this end, we define the framework of quantum algorithmic measurements (QUALMs), a hybrid of black box quantum algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Dorit Aharonov , Jordan Cotler , Xiao-Liang Qi

Quantum incompatibility, referred as the phenomenon that some quantum measurements cannot be performed simultaneously, is necessary for various quantum information processing tasks, such as nonlocality and steering. When these applications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Xiaolin Zhang , Rui Qu , Zehong Chang , Yunlong Wang , Zhenyu Guo , Min An , Hong Gao , Fuli Li , Pei Zhang

Understanding and controlling engineered quantum systems is key to developing practical quantum technology. However, given the current technological limitations, such as fabrication imperfections and environmental noise, this is not always…

We describe how one may go about performing quantum computation with arbitrary "quantum stuff", as long as it has some basic physical properties. Imagine a long strip of stuff, equipped with regularly spaced wires to provide input settings…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-03 Lucien Hardy , Adam G. M. Lewis
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