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It was recently shown that the bolometric light curves of type II supernovae (SNe) allow an accurate and robust measurement of the product of the radiation energy in the ejecta, $E_r$, and the time since the explosion, $t$, at early phases…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-15 Tomer Shussman , Ehud Nakar , Roni Waldman , Boaz Katz

Identifying the massive progenitor stars that give rise to core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is one of the main pursuits of supernova and stellar evolution studies. Using ground-based images of recent, nearby SNe obtained primarily with KAIT,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Schuyler D. Van Dyk , Weidong Li , Alexei V. Filippenko

We use the results of a supernova light-curve population synthesis to predict the range of possible supernova light curves arising from a population of single-star progenitors that lead to type IIP supernovae. We calculate multiple models…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 J. J. Eldridge , N. -Y. Guo , N. Rodrigues , E. R. Stanway , L. Xiao

The nature of the progenitor star (or system) for the Type IIn supernova (SN) subclass remains uncertain. While there are direct imaging constraints on the progenitors of at least four Type IIn supernovae, one of them being SN 2010jl,…

Context: The study of radio emission from core-collapse supernovae (SNe) probes the interaction of the ejecta with the circumstellar medium (CSM) and reveals details of the mass-loss history of the progenitor. Aims: We report observations…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-12 Roque Ruiz-Carmona , Itai Sfaradi , Assaf Horesh

The progenitor stars of several Type IIb supernovae (SNe) show indications for extended hydrogen envelopes. These envelopes might be the outcome of luminous energetic pre-explosion events, so-called precursor eruptions. We use the Palomar…

All Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) show narrow hydrogen emission lines in their spectra. Apart from this common feature, they demonstrate very broad diversity in brightness, duration, and morphology of their light curves, which indicates…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-03 Chunhui Li , Viktoriya Morozova

The masses and the evolutionary states of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae are not well constrained by direct observations. Stellar evolution theory generally predicts that massive stars with initial masses less than about…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. J. Smartt

I use photometry and spectroscopy data for 24 Type II plateau supernovae to examine their observed and physical properties. This dataset shows that these objects encompass a wide range of ~5 mag in their plateau luminosities, their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Mario Hamuy

Red supergiants (RSGs), which are progenitors of hydrogen-rich Type II supernovae (SNe), have been known to pulsate from both observations and theory. The pulsations can be present at core collapse and affect the resulting SN. However, SN…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 V. A. Bronner , E. Laplace , F. R. N. Schneider , Ph. Podsiadlowski

The progenitors of hydrogen-poor core-collapse supernovae (SNe) of types Ib, Ic and IIb are believed to have shed their outer hydrogen envelopes either by extremely strong stellar winds, characteristic of classical Wolf-Rayet stars, or by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-03 T. Heikkilä , S. Tsygankov , S. Mattila , J. J. Eldridge , M. Fraser , J. Poutanen

A number of supernovae, classified as Type II, show remarkably peculiar properties such as an extremely low expansion velocity and an extraordinarily small amount of $^{56}$Ni in the ejecta. We present a joint analysis of the available…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 L. Zampieri , A. Pastorello , M. Turatto , E. Cappellaro , S. Benetti , G. Altavilla , P. Mazzali , M. Hamuy

During the first few days after explosion, Type II supernovae (SNe) are dominated by relatively simple physics. Theoretical predictions regarding early-time SN light curves in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical bands are thus quite robust. We…

Type IIb supernovae (SNe) present a unique opportunity for understanding the progenitors of stripped-envelope (SE) SNe as the stellar progenitor of several Type IIb SNe have been identified in pre-explosion images. In this paper, we use…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-24 Niharika Sravan , Pablo Marchant , Vassiliki Kalogera , Raffaella Margutti

Generally accepted scheme distinguishes two main classes of supernovae (SNe): Ia resulting from the old stellar population (deflagration of a white dwarf in close binary systems), and SNe of type II and Ib/c whose ancestors are young…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Bojan Arbutina

Inferences on the properties Type II supernovae (SNe) can provide significant insights into the lives and deaths of the astrophysical population of massive stars and potentially provide measurements of luminosity distance, independent of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-26 Nikhil Sarin , Takashi J. Moriya , Avinash Singh , Anjasha Gangopadhyay , K-Ryan Hinds , Steve Schulze , Conor M. B. Omand , Kaustav K. Das

In recent years, wide-field sky surveys providing deep multi-band imaging have presented a new path for indirectly characterizing the progenitor populations of core-collapse supernovae (SN): systematic light curve studies. We assemble a set…

I briefly describe the Lick Observatory Supernova Search with the 0.76-m Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope. I then present an overview of optical observations of Type II, IIb, Ib, and Ic supernovae (SNe), all of which are thought to arise…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexei V. Filippenko

Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) are hydrogen-rich explosions embedded in dense circumstellar medium (CSM), which gives rise to their characteristic narrow hydrogen emission lines. The nature of their progenitors and pre-explosion mass loss…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-15 Zexi Niu , Ning-Chen Sun , Emmanouil Zapartas , Conor L. Ransome , Justyn R. Maund , Cesar Rojas-Bravo , Jifeng Liu

Type II supernovae (SNe II) are the most frequently observed outcome of core-collapse explosions and provide a valuable window into the physical mechanisms governing the deaths of massive stars. However, estimates of explosion properties…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-26 Qiliang Fang , Hiroki Nagakura , Takashi J. Moriya