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Related papers: Quantum Limits of Thermometry

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There is no fundamental limit to the precision of a classical measurement. The position of a meter's needle can be determined with an arbitrarily small uncertainty. In the quantum realm, however, fundamental quantum fluctuations due to the…

There are three types of thermometries. One is a proxy, such as the purely phenomenological resistivity. More fundamental are those based on thermodynamics, as in the Carnot cycle, and those based on statistical mechanics, such as the ideal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-09 Wayne M. Saslow

We give a bound to the precision in the estimation of a parameter in terms of the expectation value of an observable. It is an extension of the Cramer-Rao inequality and of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, where the estimation precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-11 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

Thermal attenuator channels model the decoherence of quantum systems interacting with a thermal bath, e.g., a two-level system subject to thermal noise and an electromagnetic signal travelling through a fiber or in free-space. Hence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Matteo Rosati , Andrea Mari , Vittorio Giovannetti

We construct a rigourous model of quantum measurement. A two-state model of a negative temperature amplifier, such as a laser, is taken to a classical thermodynamic limit. In the limit, it becomes a classical measurement apparatus obeying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Joseph F. Johnson

We propose and demonstrate experimentally a projection scheme to measure the quantum phase with a precision beating the standard quantum limit. The initial input state is a twin Fock state $|N,N>$ proposed by Holland and Burnett [Phys. Rev.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-27 F. W. Sun , B. H. Liu , Y. X. Gong , Y. F. Huang , Z. Y. Ou , G. C. Guo

Interferometers operating at or close to quantum limits of precision have found wide application in tabletop searches for physics beyond the standard model, the study of fundamental forces and symmetries of nature and foundational tests of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-12 H. F. H. Cheung , Y. S. Patil , L. Chang , S. Chakram , M. Vengalattore

Adaptive techniques make practical many quantum measurements that would otherwise be beyond current laboratory capabilities. For example: they allow discrimination of nonorthogonal states with a probability of error equal to the Helstrom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-15 H. M. Wiseman , D. W. Berry , S. D. Bartlett , B. L. Higgins , G. J. Pryde

We determine the bound to the maximum achievable sensitivity in the estimation of a scalar parameter from the information contained in an optical image in the presence of quantum noise. This limit, based on the Cramer-Rao bound, is valid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Vincent Delaubert , Nicolas Treps , Claude Fabre , Hans A. Bachor , Philippe Réfrégier

We present a method for the measurement of a temperature differential across a single quantum dot that has transmission resonances that are separated in energy by much more than the thermal energy. We determine numerically that the method…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-11-10 E. A. Hoffmann , N. Nakpathomkun , A. I. Persson , H. A. Nilsson , L. Samuelson , H. Linke

Quantum metrology exploits quantum resources to enhance measurement precision beyond the classical limit. Conventional protocols normally rely on the preparation of delicate quantum states to acquire these resources, posing a major…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Yuan Liu , Ke-Mi Xu , Hong-Bo Sun , Linhan Lin

Achieving quantum-enhanced performances when measuring unknown quantities requires developing suitable methodologies for practical scenarios, that include noise and the availability of a limited amount of resources. Here, we report on the…

We investigate quantum thermometry using a single-qubit probe embedded in a non-Markovian environment, employing the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) to overcome the limitations of Born-Markov approximations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Qing-Shou Tan , Yang Liu , Xulin Liu , Hao Chen , Xing Xiao , Wei Wu

Quantum effect enables enhanced estimation precision in metrology, with the Heisenberg limit (HL) representing the ultimate limit allowed by quantum mechanics. Although the HL is generally unattainable in the presence of noise, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Himanshu Sahu , Qian Xu , Sisi Zhou

We describe the interplay of quantum and thermal fluctuations in the infinite-range Heisenberg spin glass. This model is generalized to SU(N) symmetry, and we describe the phase diagram as a function of the spin S and the temperature T. The…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Georges , O. Parcollet , S. Sachdev

We study the crossover between thermal and shot-noise power in a chaotic quantum dot in the presence of non-ideal contacts at finite temperature. The result explicitly demonstrates that the temperature affect the suppression-amplification…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-03-21 A. L. R. Barbosa , J. G. G. S. Ramos , D. Bazeia

The Heisenberg limit provides a quadratic improvement over the standard quantum limit, and is the maximum quantum advantage that quantum sensors could provide over classical methods. This limit remains elusive, however, because of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Yingkai Ouyang , Gavin K. Brennen

The Heisenberg limit provides a fundamental bound on the achievable estimation precision with a limited number of $N$ resources used (e.g., atoms, photons, etc.). Using entangled quantum states makes it possible to scale the precision with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-28 Wojciech Górecki

Quantum scale estimation, as introduced and explored here, establishes the most precise framework for the estimation of scale parameters that is allowed by the laws of quantum mechanics. This addresses an important gap in quantum metrology,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Jesús Rubio

We propose quantum versions of the Bell-Ziv-Zakai lower bounds on the error in multiparameter estimation. As an application we consider measurement of a time-varying optical phase signal with stationary Gaussian prior statistics and a power…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-26 Dominic W. Berry , Mankei Tsang , Michael J. W. Hall , Howard M. Wiseman