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We introduce the notion of common conditional expectation to investigate Birkhoff's ergodic theorem and subadditive ergodic theorem for invariant upper probabilities. If in addition, the upper probability is ergodic, we construct an…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-04 Chunrong Feng , Wen Huang , Chunlin Liu , Huaizhong Zhao

Since their introduction by Erd\H{o}s in 1950, covering systems (that is, finite collections of arithmetic progressions that cover the integers) have been extensively studied, and numerous questions and conjectures have been posed regarding…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-09 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Julian Sahasrabudhe , Marius Tiba

Let $(X,\mu)$ be a probability space equipped with an invertible, measure-preserving transformation $T\colon X \to X$. We exhibit a wide class of weights $w$ so that whenever $f,g \in L^{\infty}(X)$, the bilinear ergodic averages \[…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Jan Fornal , Ben Krause

We expand the ergodic theory developed by Furstenberg and Hochman on dynamical systems that are obtained from magnifications of measures. We prove that any fractal distribution in the sense of Hochman is generated by a uniformly scaling…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-02-03 Antti Käenmäki , Tuomas Sahlsten , Pablo Shmerkin

According to a classical result of Szemer\'{e}di, every dense subset of $1,2,...,N$ contains an arbitrary long arithmetic progression, if $N$ is large enough. Its analogue in higher dimensions due to F\"urstenberg and Katznelson says that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-04-13 Adrian Dumitrescu

We find the smallest characteristic factor and a limit formula for the multiple ergodic averages associated to any family of three polynomials and polynomial families of the form $\{l_1p,l_2p,...,l_kp\}$. We then derive several multiple…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-08-27 Nikos Frantzikinakis

We prove a pointwise ergodic theorem for quasi-probability-measure-preserving (quasi-pmp) locally countable measurable graphs, equivalently, Schreier graphs of quasi-pmp actions of countable groups. For ergodic graphs, the theorem gives an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Anush Tserunyan

We establish two ergodic theorems which have among their corollaries numerous classical results from multiplicative number theory, including the Prime Number Theorem, a theorem of Pillai-Selberg, a theorem of Erd\H{o}s-Delange, the mean…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Vitaly Bergelson , Florian K. Richter

We explore the properties of non-piecewise syndetic sets with positive upper density, which we call "discordant", in countably infinite amenable (semi)groups. Sets of this kind are involved in many questions of Ramsey theory and manifest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Vitaly Bergelson , Jake Huryn , Rushil Raghavan

Furstenberg and Glasner proved that for an arbitrary k in N, any piecewise syndetic set contains k length arithmetic progression and such collection is also piecewise syndetic in Z: They used algebraic structure of beta N. The above result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-12 Pintu Debnath , Sayan Goswami

Many important theorems in combinatorics, such as Szemer\'edi's theorem on arithmetic progressions and the Erd\H{o}s-Stone Theorem in extremal graph theory, can be phrased as statements about independent sets in uniform hypergraphs. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-24 József Balogh , Robert Morris , Wojciech Samotij

Let $a_n$ be the random increasing sequence of natural numbers which takes each value independently with decreasing probability of order $n^{-\alpha}$, $0 < \alpha < 1/2$. We prove that, almost surely, for every measure-preserving system…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Ben Krause , Pavel Zorin-Kranich

We introduce a family of maps generating continued fractions where the digit $1$ in the numerator is replaced cyclically by some given non-negative integers $(N_1,\ldots,N_m)$. We prove the convergence of the given algorithm, and study the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Karma Dajani , Niels Langeveld

Erd\"{o}s and Tur\'{a}n once conjectured that any set $A\subset\mathbb{N}$ with $\sum_{a\in A}{1}/{a}=\infty$ should contain infinitely many progressions of arbitrary length $k\geq3$. For the two-dimensional case Graham conjectured that if…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Liangpan Li

We establish pointwise almost everywhere convergence for the polynomial multiple ergodic averages $$\frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1}^N \La(n) f_1(T^{P_1(n)} x)\cdots f_k(T^{P_k(n)} x)$$ as $N\to \infty$, where $\La$ is the von Mangoldt function, $T…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Renhui Wan

In this paper, for a discontinuous skew-product transformation with the integrable observation function, we obtain uniform ergodic theorem and semi-uniform ergodic theorem. The main assumptions are that discontinuity sets of transformation…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-11-07 Xia Pan , Zuohuan Zheng , Zhe Zhou

We build a bridge from density combinatorics to dimension theory of continued fractions. We establish a fractal transference principle that transfers common properties of subsets of $\mathbb N$ with positive upper density to properties of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Yuto Nakajima , Hiroki Takahasi

Motivated by a recent investigation of Costakis et al. on the notion of recurrence in linear dynamics, we study various stronger forms of recurrence for linear operators, in particular that of frequent recurrence. We study, among other…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-08 Antonio Bonilla , Karl-G. Grosse-Erdmann , Antoni López-Martínez , Alfred Peris

Furstenberg's $\times 2 \times 3$ conjecture has remained a central open problem in ergodic theory for over $50$ years, and it serves as the basic test case for a broad class of rigidity phenomena which are believed to hold in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-31 Peter Burton , Jane Panangaden

Erd\H{o}s conjectured that for any set $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ with positive lower asymptotic density, there are infinite sets $B,C\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ such that $B+C\subseteq A$. We verify Erd\H{o}s' conjecture in the case that $A$ has…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-06 Mauro Di Nasso , Isaac Goldbring , Renling Jin , Steven Leth , Martino Lupini , Karl Mahlburg