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Here we study a driven lattice gas model for microtubule depolymerizing molecular motors, where traffic jams of motors induce stochastic switching between microtubule growth and shrinkage. We term this phenomenon \enquote{traffic dynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-07 Louis Reese , Anna Melbinger , Erwin Frey

Living cells move thanks to assemblies of actin filaments and myosin motors that range from very organized striated muscle tissue to disordered intracellular bundles. The mechanisms powering these disordered structures are debated, and all…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-09-26 Martin Lenz

Large scale motion of cytoplasm called cytoplasmic streaming occurs in some large eukaryotic cells to stir the cell's constituents. In Drosophila oocytes, microtubules have been observed to undergo undulating motion, curving to form…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2012-07-11 J. M. Deutsch , M. E. Brunner , William M. Saxton

Microtubules are key structural elements of living cells that are crucial for cell division, intracellular transport and motility. Recent experiments have shown that microtubule severing proteins and molecular motors stimulate the direct…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-09-20 William Lecompte , Karin John

Cell crawling requires the generation of intracellular forces by the cytoskeleton and their transmission to an extracellular substrate through specific adhesion molecules. Crawling cells show many features of excitable systems, such as…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 Pierre Sens

In this paper, we introduce an ASEP-like transport model for bidirectional motion of particles on a multi-lane lattice. The model is motivated by {\em in vivo} experiments on organelle motility along a microtubule (MT), consisting of…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2015-05-28 Congping Lin , Gero Steinberg , Peter Ashwin

Precise positioning of the mitotic spindle is important for specifying the plane of cell division, which in turn determines how the cytoplasmic contents are partitioned into the daughter cells, and how the daughters are positioned within…

We study a generic model for the polarisation and motility of self-propelled soft objects, biological cells or biomimetic systems, interacting with a viscous substrate. The active forces generated by the cell on the substrate are modelled…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-23 M. Leoni , P. Sens

It is known from the wave-like motion of microtubules in motility assays that the piconewton forces that motors produce can be sufficient to bend the filaments. In cellular phenomena such as cytosplasmic streaming, molecular motors…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-07-11 Gabriele De Canio , Eric Lauga , Raymond E. Goldstein

We study a model of contraction-based cell motility inside a microchannel to investigate the regulation of cell polarization and motion by the mechanical resistance of the environment. A positive feedback between the asymmetry of the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Tapas Singha , Pierre Sens

We present a systematic study of the influence of cell geometry on the orientational distribution of microtubules (MTs) nucleated from a single microtubule organizing center (MTOC). For simplicity we consider an elliptical cell geometry, a…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-30 Panayiotis Foteinopoulos , Bela M. Mulder

Microtubules (MTs) are cytoplasmic protein polymers that are essential for fundamental cellular processes including the maintenance of cell shape, organelle transport and formation of the mitotic spindle. Microtubule dynamic instability is…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-04-09 Chunlei Li , Jun Li , Holly V. Goodson , Mark S. Alber

The bipolar organization of the microtubule-based mitotic spindle is essential for the faithful segregation of chromosomes in cell division. Despite our extensive knowledge of genes and proteins, the physical mechanism of how the ensemble…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Lucan Yan , Tatsuya Fukuyama , Megumi Yamaoka , Yusuke T. Maeda , Yuta Shimamoto

Microtubules are filamentous tubular protein polymers which are essential for a range of cellular behaviour, and are generally straight over micron length scales. However, in some gliding assays, where microtubules move over a carpet of…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-02 Simon P Pearce , Matthias Heil , Oliver E Jensen , Gareth W Jones , Andreas Prokop

Can the different causes for disruption of intracellular transport be traced from the trajectories of the molecular motors on the cytoskeletal filaments? We will attempt to answer this important question in a Monte Carlo model of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 C. M. Arizmendi , H. G. E. Hentschel , F. Family

How pattern and form are generated in a reproducible manner during embryogenesis remains poorly understood. Intestinal organoid morphogenesis involves a number of mechanochemical regulators, including cell-type specific cytoskeletal forces…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-01 Shi-Lei Xue , Qiutan Yang , Prisca Liberali , Edouard Hannezo

Oscillatory behaviour in force-generating systems is a pervasive phenomenon in cell biology. In this work, we investigate how oscillations in the actomyosin cytoskeleton drive cell shape changes during the process of Dorsal Closure, a…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-18 Pedro F. Machado , Guy B. Blanchard , Julia Duque , Nicole Gorfinkiel

Kinesin motors can induce a buckling instability in a microtubule with a fixed minus end. Here we show that by modifying the surface with a protein-repellent functionalization and using clusters of kinesin motors, the microtubule can…

Cytoskeletal networks are foundational examples of active matter and central to self-organized structures in the cell. In vivo, these networks are active and heavily crosslinked. Relating their large-scale dynamics to properties of their…

Spindles are self-organized microtubule-based structures that segregate chromosomes during cell division. The mass of the spindle is controlled by the balance between microtubule turnover and nucleation. The mechanisms that control the…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2018-06-13 Bryan Kaye , Olivia Stiehl , Peter J. Foster , Michael J. Shelley , Daniel J. Needleman , Sebastian Fürthauer