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An equitable partition of a graph $G$ is a partition of the vertex-set of $G$ such that the sizes of any two parts differ by at most one. We show that every graph with an acyclic coloring with at most $k$ colors can be equitably partitioned…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-17 Louis Esperet , Laetitia Lemoine , Frédéric Maffray

This is the first paper in a series whose goal is to give a polynomial time algorithm for the $4$-coloring problem and the $4$-precoloring extension problem restricted to the class of graphs with no induced six-vertex path, thus proving a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-16 Maria Chudnovsky , Sophie Spirkl , Mingxian Zhong

Weak and strong coloring numbers are generalizations of the degeneracy of a graph, where for each natural number $k$, we seek a vertex ordering such every vertex can (weakly respectively strongly) reach in $k$ steps only few vertices with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-08 Zdeněk Dvořák , Jakub Pekárek , Torsten Ueckerdt , Yelena Yuditsky

Advances in Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming (GSGP) have shown that this variant of Genetic Programming (GP) reaches better results than its predecessor for supervised machine learning problems, particularly in the task of symbolic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Joao Francisco B. S. Martins , Luiz Otavio V. B. Oliveira , Luis F. Miranda , Felipe Casadei , Gisele L. Pappa

Zero forcing is an iterative graph coloring process, where given a set of initially colored vertices, a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor causes that neighbor to become colored. A zero forcing set is a set of initially colored…

We introduce a new subclass of chordal graphs that generalizes split graphs, which we call well-partitioned chordal graphs. Split graphs are graphs that admit a partition of the vertex set into cliques that can be arranged in a star…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-26 Jungho Ahn , Lars Jaffke , O-joung Kwon , Paloma T. Lima

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) are inherently limited in their expressive power. Recent seminal works (Xu et al., 2019; Morris et al., 2019b) introduced the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) hierarchy as a measure of expressive power. Although this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Omri Puny , Derek Lim , Bobak T. Kiani , Haggai Maron , Yaron Lipman

We prove that every partial function with finite domain and range can be effectively simulated through sequential colorings of graphs. Namely, we show that given a finite set $S=\{0,1,\ldots,m-1\}$ and a number $n \geq \max\{m,3\}$, any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-23 Amir Daneshgar , Ali Reza Rahimi , Siamak Taati

Proper conflict-free coloring is an intermediate notion between proper coloring of a graph and proper coloring of its square. It is a proper coloring such that for every non-isolated vertex, there exists a color appearing exactly once in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Chun-Hung Liu

We study several-matrix models and show that when the potential is convex and a small perturbation of the Gaussian potential, the first order correction to the free energy can be expressed as a generating function for the enumeration of…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-09 Alice Guionnet , Edouard Maurel-Segala

In this paper, we find computational formulae for generalized characteristic polynomials of graph bundles. We show that the number of spanning trees in a graph is the partial derivative (at (0,1)) of the generalized characteristic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-03 Dongseok Kim , Hye Kyung Kim , Jaeun Lee

We present an asymptotic expansion for quaternionic self-adjoint matrix integrals. The Feynman diagrams appearing in the expansion are ordinary ribbon graphs and their non-orientable counterparts. The result exhibits a striking duality…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Motohico Mulase , Andrew Waldron

Previously, the graph permanent was introduced as a single-valued invariant for graphs $G$ with $|E(G)| = k(|V(G)|-1)$ for some $k \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$. Herein, we construct the extended graph permanent, an infinite sequence for all graphs.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-22 Iain Crump

A strongly polynomial sequence of graphs $(G_n)$ is a sequence $(G_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ of finite graphs such that, for every graph $F$, the number of homomorphisms from $F$ to $G_n$ is a fixed polynomial function of $n$ (depending on $F$).…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Andrew Goodall , Jaroslav Nesetril , Patrice Ossona de Mendez

Our purpose is to show that complements of line graphs enjoy nice coloring properties. We show that for all graphs in this class the local and usual chromatic numbers are equal. We also prove a sufficient condition for the chromatic number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-07 Hamid Reza Daneshpajouh , Frédéric Meunier , Guilhem Mizrahi

We study the generating function of rooted and unrooted hyperforests in a general complete hypergraph with n vertices by using a novel Grassmann representation of their generating functions. We show that this new approach encodes the known…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrea Bedini , Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Sportiello

A proper coloring of a graph is \emph{conflict-free} if, for every non-isolated vertex, some color is used exactly once on its neighborhood. Caro, Petru\v{s}evski, and \v{S}krekovski proved that every graph $G$ has a proper conflict-free…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Daniel W. Cranston , Chun-Hung Liu

Halin conjectured that a graph has a normal spanning tree if and only if every minor of it has countable colouring number. This has recently been proven by the second author. In this paper, we strengthen this result by establishing the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Nicola Lorenz , Max Pitz

Asymptotic expansions for generalised trigonometric integrals are obtained in terms of elementary functions, which are valid for large values of the parameter $a$ and unbounded complex values of the argument. These follow from new…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-08-11 T. M. Dunster

This paper studies increasing trees on $n$ labeled vertices, in which labels increase from the root to the leaves. It is known that the number of binary increasing trees coincides with the number of alternating permutations (Euler numbers).…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Medet Jumadildayev