Related papers: Statistical equilibrium equations for trace elemen…
We investigate the relation between various statistical ensembles of finite systems. If ensembles differ at the level of fluctuations of the order parameter, we show that the equations of states can present major differences. A sufficient…
Assuming a classical statistical system of point particles the fundamental equations of continuum thermomechanics (continuity equation, equation of motion, and energy equation) shall be derived exactly. The macroscopic state functions…
Stellar occultations and transits occur when a planetary body passes in front of a star (including our Sun). For objects with an atmosphere, refraction plays an essential role to explain the drops of flux and the aureoles observed during…
We provide a set of general tools to study the problem of stellar equilibrium in any gravitational theory in which spherically symmetric spacetimes satisfy master field equations taking the form of an equality between an identically…
We show how the stability conditions for a system of interacting fermions that conventionally involve variations of thermodynamic potentials can be rewritten in terms of one- and two-particle correlators. We illustrate the applicability of…
Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics close to equilibrium is studied using SRB states and a formula for their derivatives with respect to parameters. We write general expressions for the thermodynamic fluxes (or currents) and the transport…
Local-box hydrodynamical model atmospheres provide statistical information about the spatial dependence, as well as temporal evolution, of a star's emergent radiation field. Here, we consider late-type stellar atmospheres for which temporal…
Entropy is one of the key thermodynamic variables reflecting changes in the state of matter. Unlike other thermodynamic variables, it is well-defined also for nonequilibrium steady states through its relation to information. Applying this…
Several types of stochastic equations are important in thermodynamics, chemistry, evolutionary biology, population dynamics and quantitative social science. For systems with pair interactions four different types of equations are derived,…
We derive a stochastic wave equation for an inflaton in an environment of an infinite number of fields. We study solutions of the linearized stochastic evolution equation in an expanding universe. The Fokker-Planck equation for the inflaton…
Computer simulations generate trajectories at a single, well-defined thermodynamic state point. Statistical reweighting offers the means to reweight static and dynamical properties to different equilibrium state points by means of analytic…
Friction is one of the fundamental issues in physics, mechanics and material science with lots of practical applications. However, the understanding of macroscopic friction phenomena from microscopic aspect is still on the way. In this…
The determination of chemical abundances from stellar spectra is considered a mature field of astrophysics. Digital spectra of stars are recorded and processed with standard techniques, much like samples in the biological sciences.…
Conversations about weather, environment, health, cuisine, and even politics, all involve the word "temperature". It was an attempt to understand the working of heat engines that gave the temperature a clear definition. In this Note we put…
A two-temperature linear spin model is presented that allows an easily understandable introduction to non-equilibrium statistical physics. The model is one that includes the concepts that are typical of more realistic non-equilibrium models…
We discuss the thermodynamics of a gas of free particles obeying Haldane's exclusion statistics, deriving low temperature and low density expansions. For gases with a constant density of states, we derive an exact equation of state and find…
Thermostats are dynamical equations used to model thermodynamic variables such as temperature and pressure in molecular simulations. For computationally intensive problems such as the simulation of biomolecules, we propose to average over…
We study the classical non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of scalar field theory on the lattice. Steady states are analyzed near and far from equilibrium. The bulk thermal conductivity is computed, including its temperature dependence.…
Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large.…
Spectra of late-type stars are usually analyzed with static model atmospheres in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and a homogeneous plane-parallel or spherically symmetric geometry. The energy balance requires particular attention, as…